Адаптированный текст повести А. К. Дойла «Знак четырех» на английском языке с транскрипцией и видеопрезентацией. Учебное пособие

If you can say definitely, for example, that some murder has been done by a man who was smoking an Indian lunkah, it obviously narrows your field of search.

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To the trained eye there is as much difference between the black ash of a Trichinopoly and the white fluff of bird’s-eye as there is between a cabbage and a potato.»

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«You have an extraordinary genius for minutiae,» I remarked.

«I appreciate their importance. Here is my monograph upon the tracing of footsteps, with some remarks upon the uses of plaster of Paris as a preserver of impresses.

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Here, too, is a curious little work upon the influence of a trade upon the form of the hand, with lithotypes of the hands of slaters, sailors, corkcutters, compositors, weavers, and diamond-polishers.

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That is a matter of great practical interest to the scientific detective, – especially in cases of unclaimed bodies, or in discovering the antecedents of criminals. But I weary you with my hobby.»

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«Not at all,» I answered, earnestly. «It is of the greatest interest to me, especially since I have had the opportunity of observing your practical application of it. But you spoke just now of observation and deduction. Surely the one to some extent implies the other.»

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«Why, hardly,» he answered, leaning back luxuriously in his arm-chair, and sending up thick blue wreaths from his pipe. «For example, observation shows me that you have been to the Wigmore Street Post-Office this morning, but deduction lets me know that when there you dispatched a telegram.»

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«Right!» said I. «Right on both points! But I confess that I don’t see how you arrived at it. It was a sudden impulse upon my part, and I have mentioned it to no one.»

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«It is simplicity itself,» he remarked, chuckling at my surprise, – «so absurdly simple that an explanation is superfluous; and yet it may serve to define the limits of observation and of deduction.

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Observation tells me that you have a little reddish mould adhering to your instep. Just opposite the Seymour Street Office they have taken up the pavement and thrown up some earth which lies in such a way that it is difficult to avoid treading in it in entering.

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The earth is of this peculiar reddish tint which is found, as far as I know, nowhere else in the neighborhood. So much is observation. The rest is deduction.»

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«How, then, did you deduce the telegram?»

«Why, of course I knew that you had not written a letter, since I sat opposite to you all morning. I see also in your open desk there that you have a sheet of stamps and a thick bundle of post-cards.

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What could you go into the post-office for, then, but to send a wire? Eliminate all other factors, and the one which remains must be the truth.»

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«In this case it certainly is so,» I replied, after a little thought. «The thing, however, is, as you say, of the simplest. Would you think me impertinent if I were to put your theories to a more severe test?»

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«On the contrary,» he answered, «it would prevent me from taking a second dose of cocaine. I should be delighted to look into any problem which you might submit to me.»

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«I have heard you say that it is difficult for a man to have any object in daily use without leaving the impress of his individuality upon it in such a way that a trained observer might read it. Now, I have here a watch which has recently come into my possession.

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Would you have the kindness to let me have an opinion upon the character or habits of the late owner?»

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I handed him over the watch with some slight feeling of amusement in my heart, for the test was, as I thought, an impossible one, and I intended it as a lesson against the somewhat dogmatic tone which he occasionally assumed.

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He balanced the watch in his hand, gazed hard at the dial, opened the back, and examined the works, first with his naked eyes and then with a powerful convex lens. I could hardly keep from smiling at his crestfallen face when he finally snapped the case to and handed it back.

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«There are hardly any data,» he remarked. «The watch has been recently cleaned, which robs me of my most suggestive facts.»

«You are right,» I answered. «It was cleaned before being sent to me.»

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In my heart I accused my companion of putting forward a most lame and impotent excuse to cover his failure. What data could he expect from an uncleaned watch?

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«Though unsatisfactory, my research has not been entirely barren,» he observed, staring up at the ceiling with dreamy, lack-lustre eyes. «Subject to your correction, I should judge that the watch belonged to your elder brother, who inherited it from your father.»

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«That you gather, no doubt, from the H. W. upon the back?»

«Quite so. The W. suggests your own name. The date of the watch is nearly fifty years back, and the initials are as old as the watch: so it was made for the last generation.

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