The Formation of Christendom, Volume II

467

Champagny, les Césars, iii. 333.

468

“Ἐξαγωγὴ ist bei den Stoïkern der stehende Ausdruck für den Selbstmord.” Zeller, vol. iii. part 1, p. 284 n. 2, who quotes Diog. vii. 130. Ἐλλόγως τέ φασιν ἐξάξειν ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου τὸν σοφὸν καὶ ὑπὲρ πατρίδος καὶ ὑπὲρ φίλων, κὰν ἐν σκληροτέρᾳ γένηται ἀλγηδόνι, ἢ πηρώσεσιν, ἢ νόσοις ἀνιάτοις.

469

“Qui omnem orbem terrarum unam urbem esse ducunt.” Cicero, Paradoxon 2.

470

Grote, Plato, vol. i. p. 87.

471

Döllinger, p. 315, from Numenius, quoted by Eusebius. Ueberweg, i. 205, says of them, that up to the rise of Neoplatonism they were the most numerous of all.

472

See Döllinger, pp. 341 and 572-584; so Champagny, les Césars, iii. 294.

473

Ueberweg gives them thus: to the first Academy belong Plato's successor Speusippus, who taught 347-339 b. c.; Xenocrates, 339-314; Polemo, 314-270; Crates, a short time. The second Academy was founded by Arcesilaus, who lived 315-241, taking more and more a sceptical direction, which was carried out to the utmost by Carneades, 214-129, in the third: in the fourth, Philo of Larissa, about 80 b. c., returned to the dogmatic direction; and Antiochus of Ascalon, Cicero's friend, founded the fifth, in which he fused Platonic, Aristotelian, and Stoic doctrines together. S. Augustine, de Civ. Dei, viii. 3, puts his finger on the variations of the Socratici.

474

“Lier ensemble les dogmes, une morale, et un culte, c'est-à-dire donner à la société une foi, une règle, et des pratiques, c'était l'œuvre que le genre humain appelait de ses vœux, et sur laquelle pourtant tous les efforts humains semblaient échouer.” A. Thierry, Tableau de l'Empire Romain, p. 328.

475

S. Thomas, Summa, p. 1. 9. 1. a. 1.

476

Sap. xiii. 9.

477

Reading with S. Chrys. and S. Gregory ἐκ μεγέθους καὶ καλλονῆς κτισμάτων ἀναλόγως, cognoscibiliter, i. e. by a conclusion of reason.

478

Μάταιοι μὲν γὰρ πάντες ἄνθρωποι φύσει, οἷς παρῆν Θεοῦ ἀγνωσία … πάλιν δὲ οὐδ᾽ αὐτοὶ συγγνωστοί. Sap. xiii. 1, 8.