The Exodus. Scientific line-by-line explanation of the Bible

13 And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, and gave them commands to the children of Israel and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt. (Connects Aaron).

14 These are the heads of their generations: the sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch and Fallu, Hezron and Harmi: these are the Reuben families. (The ancestors of Moses and Aaron).

15 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ogad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Saul, the son of the Canaanite woman: these are the families of Simeon. (The ancestors of the Jews).

16 These are the names of the sons of Levi according to their families: Gershon, and Kaath, and Merari. And the years of Levi’s life were one hundred and thirty-seven. (The ancestors of the Jews. The chronology of the Jews from ancient times was conducted according to the time of the reign of the kings, important political events. The calendar was introduced from the «creation of the world», the annual count of months and days was twofold: the spring month of Nisan (modern March – April) was considered the beginning of the «sacred» year, the beginning of the civil year was the autumn month of tishri (September – October), ascending to the worship of the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes. Thus, most likely, Levi lived 68.5 years, which is quite logical, that is, modern (in our understanding) the year was actually divided in two).

17 The sons of Gershon: Livni and Shimei with their families. (The ancestors of the Jews).

18 The sons of Kohath: Amram, and Ishgar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. And the years of Kaaf’s life were one hundred and thirty-three years. (The ancestors of the Jews. Kafa lived 66.5 years).

19 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of Levi according to their genera. (The ancestors of the Jews).

20 Amram took his aunt Jochebed to be his wife, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. And the years of Amram’s life were one hundred and thirty-seven. (This is an example of sororat, Amram lived 68.5 years).

21 The sons of Yitzhar: Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri. (The ancestors of the Jews).

22 The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan, and Sethri. (The ancestors of the Jews).

23 Aaron took Elizabeth, the daughter of Aminadab, the sister of Naasson, to wife, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. (The ancestors of the Jews).

24 The sons of Korah: Asher, Elkanah, and Abiasaph: these are the families of Korah. (The ancestors of the Jews).

25 Eleazar the son of Aaron took one of the daughters of Phuthiel to wife, and she bore him Phinehas. These are the heads of the Levitical generations according to their families. (The ancestors of the Jews).

26 Aaron and Moses, these are the ones to whom the LORD said, «Bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt according to their armies.» (The purpose of Moses and Aaron for the «great» mission).

27 It was they who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring the children of Israel out of Egypt; these are Moses and Aaron. (It is impossible to disobey the «higher forces»).

28 So at the time when the LORD spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt, (Repetition of what was said).

29 The LORD spoke to Moses, saying, «I am the LORD! Tell Pharaoh, King of Egypt, all that I am telling you. (In other words, Moses is obliged to follow instructions, not to reason).

30 But Moses said before the LORD, «Behold, I am not a man of words.»: how will Pharaoh listen to me? (Moses again says that he is not able to express himself tolerably).

Chapter 7

1 But the Lord said to Moses: Look, I have made you a God to Pharaoh, and Aaron, your brother, will be your prophet: (Again repeating what has already been said – in order to better seal).

2 You will say whatever I command you, and Aaron your brother will tell Pharaoh to let the children of Israel go out of his land; (The end justifies the means!).

3 But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and I will show a multitude of my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt; (Miracles are necessary, how can they be without them to affect the public).

4 Pharaoh will not listen to you, and I will lay my hand on Egypt and bring my army, my people, the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments; (Pharaoh’s reaction will be clear).

5 Then the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD, when I stretch out my hand over Egypt and bring out the children of Israel from among them. (That is, the chief priest is the lord).

6 And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded them, and so they did. (They are already sealed).

7 Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three years old, when they began to speak to Pharaoh. (Moses – 40, Aaron – 41,5).

8 And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: (New instructions).

9 If Pharaoh says to you, «Do a miracle,» then you say to Aaron, «Take your rod and throw it before Pharaoh, and it will become a serpent.» (Magic tricks begin, snakes began to appear en masse due to the deterioration of the water).

10 Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh and did as the LORD commanded. And Aaron cast his rod before Pharaoh and before his servants, and he became a serpent. (One of the vases of ancient Lagash, Sumer, depicts two crowned snakes with wings, the other vase depicts snakes wrapped around a rod, it dates back to the middle of the III millennium BC).

11 And Pharaoh called the wise men and sorcerers; and these magi of Egypt did the same with their enchantments.: (Enchantment means enchantment, enchantment, that is, hypnosis, it is also possible that various snakes have emerged from the wands).

12 Each of them threw down his rod, and they became serpents, but the rod of Aaron swallowed up their rods. (Most likely, Aaron’s snake was just more venomous and aggressive).

13 Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the LORD had said. (Pharaoh is still against Aaron and Moses, who of those in power admits his weakness!).

14 And the LORD said to Moses, «Pharaoh’s heart is stubborn: he does not want to let the people go. (Moses complains to his patron, as a man would do in relation to his master).

15 Go to Pharaoh tomorrow: behold, he will come out to the water, you stand in his way, on the bank of the river, and take the rod that turned into a serpent in your hand (a new instruction, so the Lord God does not have the necessary power to influence Pharaoh).

16 And say to him, The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to say to you, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness; but, behold, you have not obeyed hitherto. (Previous indication).

17 Thus saith the LORD: By this you will know that I am the LORD: with this rod, which is in my hand, I will strike the water that is in the river, and it will turn into blood (A new «miracle»).

18 And the fish in the river will die, and the river will stink, and the Egyptians will be disgusted to drink water from the river. (The priest knows that the harbingers of a volcanic eruption begin, therefore he threatens the Egyptian pharaoh with all sorts of troubles).

19 And the LORD said to Moses: Say to Aaron, Take your rod, and stretch out your hand over the waters of the Egyptians: over their rivers, over their streams, over their lakes, and over every receptacle of their waters, and they will turn into blood, and there will be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in wooden and stone vessels. (The biblical myth of the transformation of water into blood goes back to the Sumerian myth «Inanna and Shukallituda», where we are talking about a goddess who, wanting to take revenge on the person who insulted her, turned all the waters of the country into blood).

20 And Moses and Aaron did as the LORD commanded. And [Aaron] lifted up the rod and struck the river water before the eyes of Pharaoh and before the eyes of his servants, and all the water in the river turned into blood, (The fulfillment of the «miracle»).

21 And the fish in the river died out, and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink water from the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt. (Various underwater volcanoes can be harbingers of underwater volcanic activity, the activity of which is manifested on the surface of rivers by the release of huge masses of steam and gas, the emission of slag and gases, which lead to the appearance of red water, as it were, as a result, fish and aquatic vegetation die, which indicates that the «river stank», that is, it has become unsuitable for drinking and household use).

22 And the magi of Egypt did the same by their enchantments. And Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as the Lord had said. (The Magi of Egypt also used the situation to their advantage).

23 And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, and his heart was not moved by this either. (Most likely, he did not guess the reasons – volcanic activity, and considered it all the machinations of the gods. As for Santorini (Tyra, Cyclades archipelago), variations are possible here. There is also an assumption by Alexey Morozov («Science and Religion», 1990, No. 3) that the reform is connected with the eruption of the Santorini volcano in about 1380 BC. Clouds that covered the sky, poisonous rains, cold – all this could cause a sharp transition to increased worship of the «angry» Sun god. Santorini is an active shield volcano on the island of Tyre, another name Fira, in the Aegean Sea, the eruption of which led to the death of Aegean cities and settlements on the islands of Crete, Tyre and the Mediterranean coast. The eruption dates back to 1645—1600 BC (according to various estimates), the eruption had a power of 7 points. The eruption destroyed the Minoan civilization of Crete and caused a giant tsunami about 18 m high (according to other estimates up to 100 m). The ash cloud stretched for 200—1000 km. The Aegeans were skilled sailors, warriors and merchants, and their fleet reigned supreme in the Mediterranean. The island of Tyre was the metropolis of the Aegeans, where the capital of Tyre and other settlements were located on the slopes of Mount Santorini. At the foot of the mountain was the best harbor on the Mediterranean Sea. The sudden and catastrophic eruption of the Santorini volcano destroyed the capital of the Aegeans, Thiru. The earthquake that began warned the residents of Tyre and they, having embarked on their ships, left their native island. Having spewed out a colossal amount of red-hot ash and pumice, the volcano emptied its interior and the huge volcanic cone, unable to withstand its own weight, along with the deserted cities and roads on its slopes, collapsed. The sea waters gushed into the giant abyss that had formed. A giant tsunami wave formed, which washed away almost all coastal towns and villages. The Aegean civilization ceased to exist. Mount Santorini has disappeared. A huge oval abyss – the caldera of the volcano was filled with the waters of the Aegean Sea, which is clearly visible on the satellite image. The largest Minoan eruption in ancient history on the island of Tyre, or Fira, occurred in 1628 BC (dendrochronological date). The next – the most powerful – occurred in 1380 BC (approximate date). The last one happened in 1950. The island of Tira, or Fira, is located at the junction of two plates – African and Eurasian, which contributes to the occurrence of volcanic relief and manifestations of volcanic activity in these areas, including on the island of Tira).

24 And all the Egyptians began to dig near the river to find water to drink, because they could not drink water from the river. (The Egyptians began to look for sources of clean water).

25 And seven days were fulfilled after the LORD had smitten the river. (7 days is a short period, perhaps the tactic of «sacred» numbers is used here»).

Chapter 8

1 And the LORD said to Moses, Go to Pharaoh and tell him: thus saith the Lord: let my people go, so that they may serve Me; (It is difficult to say for sure which Pharaoh is meant here, perhaps it is Amenhotep IV, who became Akhenaten (the time of his reign is unknown for sure, presumably the end of the XV – beginning of the XIV century BC, the difficulty lies in the fact that the chronology in Egypt went according to the years of the reign of the pharaohs, and it is extremely difficult to determine exactly how many years have passed from this or that event to the beginning of our modern Gregorian chronology. In addition, the ancient Egyptian «civil year» did not coincide with the solar one. It was divided into 3 seasons: «flood», «shoots», «dry», consisting of 4 months of 30 days, which was 360 days, to which 5 days of holidays were added. In addition, some lists of rulers were deliberately crossed out and forwarded, others completely disappeared from official lists, what happened to Akhenaten, many lists do not indicate the duration of the reign of certain kings, but only their chronological sequence is given, different kings could also reign simultaneously in different parts of Egypt), or someone the other one. Amenhotep IV was the youngest son of Amenhotep III. However, his elder brother Thutmose died during his father’s lifetime, as a result of which the succession passed to Amenhotep. Egyptologists disagree on whether Amenhotep IV was the co-ruler of his father, who was seriously ill in recent years, and if so, for how long. Initially, historians tended to conclude that Amenhotep IV had been his father’s co-ruler for quite a long time, presumably until the age of 12. Modern Egyptologists Eric Klein, Nicholas Reeves, Peter Dorman and others tend to conclude that if the period of joint rule took place, it could not have been longer than 2 years. Donald Redford, William Murnane, Alan Gardner and Lawrence Berman deny the possibility of joint rule of Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV. In 2014, the Egyptian Ministry for the Protection of Antiquities announced that the study of the inscriptions on the grave of Amenhotep III proves the joint rule of Amenhotep III and Amenhotep IV for eight years. Regardless of the possibility of joint rule, Amenhotep IV was not depicted in the monuments created by his father. Akhenaten’s mother Teye (Erich Tseren, «Biblical Hills», Moscow, Pravda Publishing house, 1986, pp.404—405) was the daughter of the Mesopotamian king Mitanni (the state of Mitanni was located approximately at the junction of the current borders of Syria, Iraq and Turkey, where there are now battles with the IS troops). And Mitanni was in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC one of the most powerful states. Analysis of a number of proper names from Mitanni and surrounding areas, including the names of members of the royal dynasty, shows the presence of Indo-European elements in Mitanni, related to the Indo-European tribes of Northern India. This is even more clearly indicated by the mention in the treaties between the Hittite kingdom (the Hittite language is Indo—European) and Mitanni, among others, also Indian deities – Indra, Varuna and the twin brothers Ashwin, under one of their names – «Nasatya», as well as the presence of a number of Indian words in the Hittite translation of the treatise on horse breeding Mitanni Kikkuli).

2 But if you do not agree to let go, then, behold, I will strike your whole region with frogs; (Toads, most likely, have already begun to appear and the priest scares them with their appearance).

3 and the river will rise up with frogs, and they will go out and enter into your house, and into your bedroom, and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants and your people, and into your ovens, and into your sauerkraut (Frogs have come out of rivers and lakes because of the water in them deteriorated, which, in turn, is associated with the manifestation of volcanism).

4 Frogs will come up on you, and on your people, and on all your servants. (Toads can appear anywhere).

5 And the LORD said to Moses: Say to Aaron, Stretch out your hand with your rod over the rivers, over the streams, and over the lakes, and bring out the frogs on the land of Egypt. (The wand is a distraction here, in fact the toads have been on the way for a long time).