A Visit to the Philippine Islands

15

Personal pronouns are aco, I; anim, we. The Tagál has no possessive pronouns; but employs instead the genitive of the personal.

16

Um, to be; ungma, thou art.

17

Ca, or ycao, personal pronoun, thou, always follows the verb; mo is the genitive.

18

Samba, adore; sambahin, the future tense.

19

Arao, sun, or day.

20

Tolot, to allow to escape.

21

Dayat, praise; the future passive is conveyed by ipapag.

22

From anchi, adverb, here.

23

From hadi, king.

24

From uara, forgiveness.

25

From auai, to quarrel.

26

Mr. John Crawfurds’s Dissertation in his Malayan Grammar.

27

Barco ninguno, casa la que vivas, tierras las que veas.

28

I am, however, informed by a friend of one of the gentlemen referred to by De Mas, that he disclaims having authorized the statement given under his name.

29

There are many names for the public executioner, denoting the places in which he exercises his profession, and the instruments he employs for inflicting the punishment of death.

30

Articulo sobre las Rentas de Filipinas y los medios de aumentarlas, por D. Sinibaldo de Mas (afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain in China). Madrid, 1853.

31

M. Marcaida considers the best historical and descriptive authorities to be the Fathers Blanco, Santa Maria, Zuñiga, Concepcion, and Buzeta. He speaks highly of Don Sinibaldo de Mas’ Apuntes, of which I have largely availed myself.

32

Buzeta may be consulted, especially under the head “Caraga,” on which he has a long article.

33

Archbishop Hilarion says: – “There are multitudes of pueblos, such as Argao, Dalaguete, Boljoon in Zebu, and many in the province of Iloilo, where it would be difficult to find either a boy or girl unable to read or write, which is more than can be said for many of the cities of the Peninsula.” – (Answer to Manila Deputation.)

34

Among the arts by which pernicious legislation is defeated, a curious example is presented in the Philippine Islands. White cotton twist being prohibited in the interest of certain home producers, it is found to be more economical to import yellow and green twist, which is allowed to enter, and it is afterwards converted to white by extracting the colour, which is easily accomplished by steeping the thread in a strong infusion of lime.

35

In 1859 it is likely to amount to from 3,000 to 3,500 tons.

36

Quoted from Sir J. Bowring’s letter to N. Loney of Aug. 3, 1858.

37

The track of the Spanish discovery ships Atrevida and Descubierta passes over it. See Admiralty chart of St. Bernardino Strait and parts adjacent, No. 2,577; scale, degree = 6 inches.

38

Vessels bound to Iloilo by the southern passage, if in the N.E. monsoon, should, when to the northward of Point Guinad, beat up along the coast of Guimaras. In April, 1859, in the barque Camilla, from Manila to Iloilo, I had soundings much farther to the S.W. than are laid down on the Spanish charts. With Point Guinad bearing south, and Point Balingasag bearing east, I had from seven to nine fathoms water, with soft ground. Stood to the N.W., had regular soundings seven fathoms.