499
Tabulated in Mrs Rhys Davids' translation, pp. 367-9.
500
Such a phrase as Nibbâṇassa sacchikiriyâya "for the attainment or realization of Nirvana" would be hardly possible if Nirvana were annihilation.
501
Udâna VII. near beginning.
502
These are the formless stages of meditation. In Nirvana there is neither any ordinary form of existence nor even the forms of existence with which we become acquainted in trances.
503
This negative form of expression is very congenial to Hindus. Thus many centuries later Kabir sung "With God is no rainy season, no ocean, no sunshine, no shade: no creation and no destruction: no life nor death: no sorrow nor joy is felt .... There is no water, wind, nor fire. The True Guru is there contained."
504
IV. 7. 13 ff.
505
See also Book VII. of the Milinda containing a long list of similes illustrating the qualities necessary for the attainment of arhatship. Thirty qualities of arhatship are mentioned in Book VI. of the same work. See also Mahâparinib. Sut. III. 65-60 and Rhys Davids' note.
506
E.g. Dig. Nik. xvi. ii. 7, Cullavag. ix. 1. 4.
507
E.g. Pugg. Pan. 1. 39. The ten fetters are (1) sakkâyadiṭṭhi, belief in the existence of the self, (2) vicikicchâ, doubt, (3) silabbataparamâso, trust in ceremonies of good works, (4) kâmarâgo, lust, (5) paṭigho, anger, (6) rûparâgo, desire for rebirth in worlds of form, (7) arûparâgo, desire for rebirth in formless worlds, (8) mano, pride, (9) uddhaccam, self-righteousness, (10) avijjâ, ignorance.
508
There is some diversity of doctrine about the Sakadâgâmin. Some hold that he has two births, because he comes back to the world of men after having been born once meanwhile in a heaven, others that he has only one birth either on earth or in a devaloka.
509
Avyâkatani. The Buddha, being omniscient, sabaññu, must have known the answer but did not declare it, perhaps because language was incapable of expressing it
510
Jiva not attâ.
511
Maj. Nik. 63.
512
Sam. Nik. xvii. 85.
513
Maj. Nik. 72.
514
Which is said not to grow up again.
515
It may be that the Buddha had in his mind the idea that a flame which goes out returns to the primitive invisible state of fire. This view is advocated by Schrader (Jour. Pali Text Soc. 1905, p. 167). The passages which he cites seem to me to show that there was supposed to be such an invisible store from which fire is born but to be less conclusive as proving that fire which goes out is supposed to return to that store, though the quotation from the Maitreyi Up. points in this direction. For the metaphor of the flame see also Sutta-Nipâta, verses 1074-6.
516
XLIV. 1.
517
Maj. Nik. 9, ad init. Asmîti diṭṭhim ânânusayam samûhanitvâ.
518
See especially Sutta-Nipâta, 1076 Atthan gatassa na pamâṇam atthi, etc.
519
Sam. Nik. XXII. 85.
520
Maj. Nik. 22, Alagaddûpama-suttam.
521
Later in the same Sutta: Kevalo paripûro bâladhammo.
522
Four emphatic synonyms in the original.
523
Dig. Nik. I. 73 uccinna-bhava-nettiko.