Sermons on National Subjects

The New Year has now begun; and I am bound to wish you all a happy New Year.  But I am sent here to do more than that; to teach you how you may make your own New Year a happy one; or, if not altogether a happy one—for sorrows may and must come in their turn—yet still something better than a happy year, namely, a blessed year; a year on which you will be able to look back this day twelvemonths, and thank God for it; thank God for the tears which you have shed in it, as well as for the joy which you have felt; thank God for the dark days as well as for the light; thank God for what you have lost, as well as what you have found; and be able to say, “Well, this last year, if it has not been a happy year for me, at least it has been a blessed one for me.  It has left me a stronger, soberer, wiser, godlier, better man than it found me.”

How, then, can you make the New Year a blessed one for yourselves?  I know but one way, my friends.  The ancient way.  The Bible way.  The way by which Abraham, and Jacob, and David, and all the holy men of old, and all the saints, and martyrs, and righteous and godly among men, made their lives blessed among themselves, in spite of sorrow, and misfortune, and distress, and persecution, and torture, and death itself; the one only old way of being blessed, which was from the beginning, and will last for ever and ever, through all worlds and eternities; the way of the old saints, which St. Paul sets forth in the eleventh chapter of the Hebrews; and that is, faith.  Faith, which is the substance of what we hope for, the evidence of things not seen.  Faith, of which it is written, that the just shall live by his faith.

But how can faith give you a blessed New Year?  In the same way in which it gave the old saints blessed years all their lives through, and is giving them a blessed eternity now and for ever before the face of the Lord Jesus Christ, to which may God in His mercy bring us all likewise.

They trusted in God.  They had faith, not in themselves, like too many; not in their own good works, like too many; not in their own faith, in their own frames, and feelings, and assurances, like too many; but they had faith in God.  It was faith in God which made one of them, the great prophet Isaiah, write the glorious words which I have chosen for my text this day, to show his countrymen the Jews, even while they were in the very lowest depths of shame, and poverty, and misfortune, that God had not forgotten them; that for those who trusted in Him, a blessed time was surely coming.

And it was faith in God, too, which put it into the minds of the good men who choose these Sunday lessons out of the Bible, to appoint such chapters as these to be read year by year, at the coming in of the new year, for ever.  Faith in God, I say, put that into their minds.  For those good men trusted in God, that He would not change; that hundreds and thousands of years would make no difference in His love; that the promises made by His Holy Spirit to Isaiah the prophet would stand true for ever and ever.  And they trusted in God, too, that what He had spoken by the mouth of His holy apostles was true; that after the blessed Lord came down on earth, there was to be no difference between Jews and Gentiles; that the great and precious promises made by God to the Jews were made also to all the nations of the earth; that all things written in the Old Testament, from the first chapter of Genesis to the last of Malachi, were written not for the Jews only, but for English, French, Italians, Germans, Russians—for all the nations of the world; that we English were God’s people now, just as much, ay, far more, than the old Jews were, and that, therefore, the Old Testament promises, as well as the New Testament ones, were part of our inheritance as members of Christ’s Church.  And therefore they appointed Old Testament lessons to be read in church, to show us English what our privileges were, what God’s covenant and promise to us were.  We, as much as the Jews, are called by the name of the Lord who created us.  Were we not baptised into His name at that font?  Has He not loved us?  Has He not heaped us English, for hundreds of years past, with blessings such as He never bestowed on any nation?  Has He not given men for us, and nations for our life?  While all the nations of the world have been at war, slaying and being slain, has He not kept this fair land of England free and safe from foreign invaders for more than eight hundred years?  Since the world was made, perhaps, such a thing was never heard of, such a mercy shown to any nation; that a great and rich country like this should be preserved for eight hundred years from invasion of foreign armies, and all the horrors and miseries of war, which have swept, from time to time, every other nation in the world with the besom of desolation.

Ay, and but sixty years ago, in the time of the French war, when almost every other nation in Europe was made desolate with fire, and sword, and war, did not God preserve this land of England, as He never preserved country before, from all the miseries which were sweeping over other nations?  Oh, strange and wonderful mercy of God, that at the very time that the gospel was dying out all over Europe, it was being lighted again in England; and that while the knowledge of God was failing elsewhere, it was increasing here!  Oh, strange and wonderful mercy of God, who has given to us English, now for one hundred and sixty years and more, those very equal laws, and freedom, and rights of conscience, for which so many other nations of Europe are still crying and struggling in vain, amid slavery, and oppression, and injustice, and heavy burdens, such as we here in England should not endure a week!  Oh, strange and wonderful mercy of God, who but three years ago, when all the other nations of Europe were shaken with wars, and riots, and seditions, every man’s hand against his neighbour, kept this land of England in perfect peace and quiet by those just laws and government, proving to us the truth of His own promises, that those who seek peace by righteous dealings, shall find it, and that, as Isaiah says, the fruit of justice is quietness and assurance for ever!  And last, but not least, my friends, is it not a sign, a sign not to be mistaken, of God’s good-will and mercy to us, that now, at this very time of all others, when almost every country in Europe is going to wrack and ruin through the folly and wickedness of their kings and rulers, He should have given us here in England a Queen who is a pattern of goodness and purity, in ruling not only the nation, but her own household, to every wife and mother, from the highest to the lowest; and a Prince whose whole heart seems set on doing good, and on helping the poor, and improving the condition of the labourers?  My friends, I say that we are unthankful and unfaithful.  We do not thank God a hundredth part enough for the blessings which He has given us.  We do not trust Him a hundredth part enough for the blessings which He has in store for us.  If some of us here could but see and feel for a single month how people are off abroad; if they could change places with a French, an Italian, a Russian labourer, it would teach them a lesson about God’s goodness to England which they would not soon forget.  May God grant that we may never have to learn that lesson in that way!  God grant that we may never, to cure us of our unthankfulness and want of faith, and godless and unmanly grumbling and complaining, be brought, for a single week, into the same state as some hundred millions of our fellow-creatures are in foreign parts!  Oh, my friends, let us thank God for the mercies of the past year!  Most truly He has fulfilled to England his promise given by the mouth of the prophet Isaiah: “When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow thee.  For I am the Lord thy God, the Holy One, thy Saviour.  Thou hast been precious in my sight, and I have loved thee: therefore will I give men for thee, and peoples for thy life.”

Away, then, with discontent and anxiety for the coming year.  Or rather, let us be only discontented with ourselves.  Let us only be anxious about our own conduct.  God cannot change.  If anything goes wrong, it will be not because He has left us, but because we have left Him.  Is it not written that all things work together for good to those who love God?  Then if things do not work together for good in this coming year, it will be because we do not love God.  Do not let us say, “I am righteous, but my neighbours are wicked, and therefore I must be miserable;” neither let us lay the blame of our misfortunes on our rulers; let us lay it on ourselves.

What was the word of the Lord to the Jews in a like case: “What means this proverb which you take up, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge?  It is not so, O house of Israel.  The son shall not die for the iniquity of his father, nor the father for the iniquity of the son.  The soul that sinneth, it shall die, saith the Lord.”

Oh, my friends, take this to heart solemnly, in the year to come.  Our troubles, more of them at least than we fancy, are our own fault, and not our neighbours’, or the government’s, or anyone’s else.  And those which are not our own fault directly are so in this way, that they are sent as sharp and wholesome lessons to us; and if we were what we ought to be, we should not want those lessons.  Do not fancy that that is a sad and doleful thought to begin the new year with.  God forbid!  It would be doleful and sad indeed if any one of us, in spite of all his right-doing, might be plunged into any hopeless misery, through the fault of other people, over whom he has no control.  But thanks be to the Lord, it is not so.  We are His children, and He cares for each and every one of us separately.  Each and every one of us has to answer for himself alone, face to face with his God, day by day; every man must bear his own burden; and to every one of us who love God, all things will work together for good.  It is, and was, and always will be, as Abraham well knew, far from God to punish the righteous with the wicked.  The Judge of all the earth will do right.  None of us who repents and turns from the sins he sees round him and in him; none of us who prays for the light and guiding of God’s Spirit; none of us who struggles day by day to keep himself unspotted from this evil world, and live as God’s son, without scandal or ill-name in the midst of a sinful and perverse generation; none of us who does that, but God’s blessing will rest on him.  What ruins others will only teach and strengthen him; what brings others to shame, will only bring him to honour, and make his righteousness plain to be seen by all, that God may be glorified in His people.  Let the coming year be what it may; to the holy, the humble, the upright, the godly, it will be a blessed year, fulfilling the blessed promises of the Lord, that those who trust in Him shall never be confounded.

Oh, my friends, consider but this one thing, that the Almighty God, who made all heaven and earth, has bid us trust in Him.  And when He bids us, is it not a sin, an insult to Him, not to trust Him—not to believe His words to us?  “Put thou thy trust in the Lord, and be doing good; dwell in the land,” working where He has set thee, “and verily thou shalt be fed.”  “Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night, nor for the arrow that flieth by day.  A thousand shall fall by thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand: but it shall not come nigh thee.  Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked.  Because thou hast made the Lord thy refuge, no plague shall come nigh thy dwelling.  Thou shalt call upon me, I will answer thee.  Because thou hast set thy love on me, I will deliver thee; with long life will I satisfy thee, and show thee my salvation.”

My friends, these words are in the book of Psalms.  Either they are the most cruel words that ever were spoken on earth to tempt poor wretches into vain security and fearful disappointment, or they are—what are they?—the sure and everlasting promise of our Father in heaven to us His children.  We have only to ask for them, and we shall receive them; to claim them, and they will be fulfilled to us.  “For He who spared not His own Son, but freely gave Him for us, will He not with Him likewise freely give us all things,” and make, by His fatherly care, and providence, and education, all our new years blessed new years, whether or not they are happy ones?

XXXVI.

THE DELUGE

My spirit shall not always strive with man.—Genesis vi. 3.

Last Sunday we read in the first lesson of the fall.  This Sunday we read of the flood, the first-fruits of the fall.

It is an awful and a fearful story.  And yet, if we will look at it by faith in God, it is a most cheerful and hopeful story—a gospel—a good news of salvation—like every other word in the Bible, from beginning to end.  Ay, and to my mind, the most hopeful words of all in it, are the very ones which at first sight look most terrible, the words with which my text begins: “And the Lord said, My Spirit shall not always strive with man.”

For is it not good news—the good news of all news—the news which every poor soul who is hungering and thirsting after righteousness, longs to hear; and when they hear it, feel it to be the good news—the only news which can give comfort to fallen and sorrowful men, tied and bound with the chain of their sins, that God’s Spirit does strive at all with man?  That God is looking after men?  That God is yearning over sinners, as the heart of a father yearns over his rebellious child, as the heart of a faithful and loving husband yearns after an unfaithful wife?  That God does not take a disgust at us for all our unworthiness, but wills that none should perish, but that all should come to repentance?  Oh joyful news!  Man may be, as the text says that he was in the time of Noah, so low fallen that he is but flesh like the brutes that perish; the imaginations of his heart may be only evil continually; his spirit may be dead within him, given up to all low and fleshly appetites and passions, anger, and greediness, and filth; and yet the pure and holy Spirit of God condescends to strive and struggle with him, to convince him of sin, and make him discontented and ashamed at his own brutishness, and shake and terrify his soul with the wholesome thought: “I am a sinner—I am wrong—I am living such a life as God never meant me to live—I am not what I ought to be—I have fallen short of what God intended me to be.  Surely some evil will come to me from this.”  Then the Holy Spirit convinces man of righteousness.  He shows man that what he has fallen short of is the glory of God; that man was meant to be, as St. Paul says, the likeness and glory of God; to show forth God’s glory, and beauty, and righteousness, and love in his own daily life; as a looking-glass, though it is not the sun, still gives an image and likeness of the sun, when the sun shines on it, and shows forth the glory of the sunbeams which are reflected on it.

And then, the Holy Spirit convinces man of judgment.  He shows man that God cannot suffer men, or angels, or any other rational spirits and immortal souls, to be unlike Himself; that because He is the only and perfect good, whatsoever is unlike Him must be bad; because He is the only and perfect love, who wills blessings and good to all, whatsoever is unlike Him must be unloving, hating, and hateful—a curse and evil to all around it; because He is the only perfect Maker and Preserver, whatsoever is unlike Him must be in its very nature hurtful, destroying, deadly—a disease which injures this good world, and which He will therefore cut out, burn up, destroy in some way or other, if it will not submit to be cured.  For this, my friends, is the meaning of God’s judgments on sinners; this is why He sent a flood to drown the world of the ungodly; this is why He destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah; this is why He swept away the nations of Canaan; this is why He destroyed Jerusalem, His own beloved city, and scattered the Jews over the face of the whole earth unto this day; this is why He destroyed heathen Rome of old, and why He has destroyed, from time to time, in every age and country, great nations and mighty cities by earthquake, and famine, and pestilence, and the sword; because He knows that sin is ruin and misery to all; that it is a disease which spreads by infection among fallen men; and that He must cut off the corrupt nation for the sake of preserving mankind, as the surgeon cuts off a diseased limb, that his patient’s whole body may not die.  But the surgeon will not cut off the limb as long as there is a chance of saving it: he will not cut it off till it is mortified and dead, and certain to infect the whole body with the same death, or till it is so inflamed that it will inflame the whole body also, and burn up the patient’s life with fever.  Till then he tends it in hope; tries by all means to cure it.  And so does the Lord, the Lord Jesus, the great Physician, whom His Father has appointed to heal and cure this poor fallen world.  As long as there is hope of curing any man, any nation, any generation of men, so long will his Spirit strive lovingly and hopefully with man.  For see the blessed words of the text: “My Spirit shall not always strive with man.  This must end.  This must end at some time or other.  This battle between my Spirit and the wicked and perverse wills of these sinners; this battle between the love and the justice and the purity which I am trying to teach them, and the corruption and the violence with which they are filling the earth.”  But there is no passion in the Lord, no spite, no sudden rage, like the brute passionate anger of weak man.  Our anger, if we are not under the guiding of God’s Spirit, conquers our wills, carries us away, makes us say and do on the moment—God forgive us for it—whatsoever our passion prompts us.  The Lord’s anger does not conquer Him.  It does not conquer His patience, His love, His steadfast will for the good of all.  Even when it shows itself in the flood and the earthquake; even though it break up the fountains of the great deep, and destroy from off the earth both man and beast, yet it is, and was, and ever will be, the anger of The Lamb—a patient, a merciful, and a loving anger.

Therefore the Lord says: “Yet his days shall be one hundred and twenty years.”  One hundred and twenty years more he would endure those corrupt and violent sinners, in the hope of correcting them.  One hundred and twenty years more would God’s Spirit strive with men.  One hundred and twenty years more the long-suffering of God, as St. Peter says, would wait, if by any means they would turn and repent.  Oh, wonderful love and condescension of God!  God waits for man!  The Holy One waits for the unholy!  The Creator waits for the work of His own hands!  The wrathful God, who repents that He has made man upon the earth, waits one hundred and twenty years for the very creatures whom He repents having made!  Does this seem strange to us—unlike our notions of God?  If it is strange to us, my friends, its being strange is only a proof of how far we have fallen from the likeness of God, wherein man was originally created.  If we were more like God, then the accounts of God’s long-suffering, and mercy, and repentance, which we read in the Bible, would not be so strange to us.  We should understand what God declares of Himself, by seeing the same feelings working in ourselves, which He declares to be working in Himself.  And if we were more righteous and more loving, we should understand more how God’s will was a loving and a righteous will; how His justice was His mercy, and His mercy His justice, instead of dividing His substance, who is one God, by fancying that His mercy and His justice are two different attributes, which are at times contrary the one to the other.

We read nothing here about God’s absolute purposes, and fixed decrees, whereof men talk so often, making a god in their own fallen image, after their own fallen likeness.  The Lord, the Word of God, of whom the Bible tells us, does not think it beneath his dignity to say: “It repenteth me that I have made man.”  Different, truly, from that false god which man makes in his own image.  Man is proud, and he fancies that God is proud; man is self-willed and selfish, and he fancies that God is self-willed and selfish; man is arbitrary and obstinate, and determined to have his own way just because it is his own way; and then he fancies that God is arbitrary and obstinate, and determines to have His own way and will, just because it is His own way and will.  But wilt thou know, oh vain man, why God will have His own way and will?  Because His way is a good way, and His will a loving will; because the Lord knows that His way is the only path of life, and joy, and blessing to man and beast, yes, and to the very hairs of our head, which are all numbered, and to the sparrows, whereof not one falls to the ground without our Father’s knowledge; because His will is a loving will, which wills that none should perish, but that all should come and be saved in body, soul, and spirit.  He will have His own will done, not because it is His own will, but because it is good, good for men.  And if men will change and repent, then will He change and repent also.  If man will resist the striving of God’s Spirit with him, then will the Lord say: “It repenteth me that I have made that man.”  But if a man will repent him of the evil, then God will repent Him of the evil also.  If a man will let God’s Spirit convince him, and will open his ears and hear, and open his eyes and see, and open his heart to take in the loving thoughts and the right thoughts, and the penitent and humble thoughts, which do come to him—you know they do come to you all at times—then the Lord will repent also, as he repents, and repent concerning the evil which He has declared concerning that man.  So said the Lord, who cannot change, the same yesterday, to-day, and for ever, the same now that He was in the days of the flood, to Jeremiah the prophet, when He moved him to go down to the potter’s house, and watch him there at his work.

And the potter made a vessel—something which would be useful and good for a certain purpose—but the clay was marred in the hand of the potter.  He was good and skilful; but there was a fault in the clay.  What did he do?  Throw the clay away as useless?  No.  He made it again another vessel.  He was determined to make, not anything, but something useful and good.  And if the clay, being faulty, failed him once, he would try again.  He would change his purpose and plan, but not his right will to make good and useful vessels; them he would make, if not by one way, then by another.  And Jeremiah watched him; and as he watched, the Spirit of the Lord came on him, and taught him that that poor potter’s way of working with his clay, was a pattern and likeness of the Lord’s work on earth.  Oh shame, that this great parable should have been twisted by men to make out that God is an arbitrary tyrant, who works by a brute necessity!  It taught Jeremiah the very opposite.  It taught him what it ought to teach us, that God does change, because man changes, that God’s steadfast will is the good of men, and therefore because men change their weak self-willed course, and fall, and seek out many inventions, therefore God changes to follow them, like a good shepherd, tracking and following the lost and wandering sheep up and down, right and left, over hill and dale, if by any means He may find him, and bring him home on His shoulders to the fold, calling upon the angels of God: “Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which I had lost.”

This is the likeness of God.  The good and loving will of a Father following his wandering children.  The likeness of a loving Father repenting that He hath brought into the world sinful children, to be a misery to themselves and all around them, and yet for the same reason loving those children, striving with their wicked wills to the very last, giving them one last chance and time for repentance; as the Lord did to those evil men of the old world, sending to them Noah, a preacher of righteousness, if by any means they would turn from their sins and be saved.  Ay, not only preaching to their ears by Noah, but to their hearts by His Spirit; as St. Peter tells us, He Himself, Christ the Lord, went Himself by His Spirit to those very sinners before the flood, and strove to bring them to their reason again.  By His Spirit; by the very same one and only Holy Spirit of God, St. Peter says, by which Christ Himself was raised from the dead, did He try to raise the souls of those sinners before the flood, from the death of sin to the life of righteousness: but they would not.  They were disobedient.  Their wills resisted His will to the last; and then the flood came, and swept them all away.

And so the first work of the heavenly Workman was marred in the making by no fault of His, but by the fault of what He made.  He made men persons, rational beings with wills, that they might be willingly like Him: but they used those wills to be unlike Him, to rebel against Him, and to fill the earth with violence and corruption.  And so, for the good of all mankind to come, He had to sweep them all away.  But of that same sinful clay He made another vessel, as it seemed good to Him; even Noah and his Sons, whom He saved that He might carry on the race of the Sons of God unto this day.

And after that again, my friends, in a day more dark and evil still, when the earth was again corrupt before God, and filled with violence; when all flesh had corrupted His way upon the earth, so that, as St. Paul said of them, there was none that did good, no not one: then the same Lord, when He saw that all the world lay in wickedness, and that the clay of human-kind was marred in the hands of the potter, then did He cast away that clay as reprobate and useless, and destroy mankind off the face of the earth?  Not so.  Then, when there was none to help, His own arm brought salvation, and His own righteousness sustained Him; He trod the wine-press alone, and of the people there was none with Him.  His own righteousness sustained Him.  His perfectly good and righteous will never failed Him for a moment; man He would save, and man He saved.  If none else could do it, He would do it Himself.  He would bring salvation with His own arm.  He would fulfil His Father’s will, which is that none should perish; He would be made flesh, and dwell among men, that man might behold the likeness of God the Father, full of grace and truth, and see what they were meant to be.  Then, in Him, in Jesus who wept over Jerusalem, was fully revealed and shown the likeness and glory of the Lord; the Lord in whose image man was made; who walked and spoke with Adam in the garden; who was not ashamed to say that it repented Him that He had made man; whom Ezekiel saw upon His throne, and as it were upon the throne the appearance of the likeness of a man; whom Daniel saw, and knew him to be the Son of Man.  Not a man, then, of flesh and blood; but the Eternal Word of God, in whose image man was made, who could be loving and merciful, long-suffering and repenting Him of the evil, but never of the good.  He came, and He swept away, as He had told the Apostles that He would do, by such afflictions as man had never seen since the beginning of the world until then, that Roman world with all its devilish systems and maxims, whereby the nations were kept down in slavery and sin; and He founded a new heaven and a new earth, wherein dwell righteousness, even this Holy Catholic Church, to which we all belong this day.

Yes, my friends, this is our gospel, our good news, that there is a God whose Spirit strives with sinners to change them into His own likeness.  A God who is no dark, obstinate, inexorable Fate, whose arbitrary decrees must come to pass; but a loving and merciful God, long-suffering, and who repenteth Him of the evil; who repents Him of the evil which is in man, and hates it, and has sworn to Himself to fight against it, till He has put all enemies under His foot, and cast out of His kingdom all things which offend.  Who repents Him of the evil in man: but who will never again repent Him of having made man, for then He would repent of having become man; He would repent of having been conceived of the Holy Ghost; He would repent of having been born of the Virgin Mary; He would repent of having been crucified, dead, and buried; He would repent of having risen from the dead, and ascended up into heaven in His man’s body, and soul, and spirit; He would repent of sitting on the right hand of God; He would repent of coming to judge the quick and the dead; He would repent of having done His Father’s will on earth, even as He did it from all eternity in the bosom of the Father.  For He is a man; and even as the reasonable soul and body are one man, so God and man are one Christ.  As man, He did His Father’s will in Judæa of old; as man, He will judge the world; as man He rules it now; as man, St. John saw Him fifty years after He ascended to heaven, and His eyes were like a flame of fire, and His hair like fine wool, and He was girt under the bosom with a golden girdle, and His voice was like the sound of many waters; as man, He said: “Fear not: I am the first and the last; I am He that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of death and hell.”  Yes.  This is the gospel, the good news for fallen man, that there is a Man in the midst of the throne of God, to whom all power is given in heaven and earth; that the fate of the world, and all that is therein—the fate of suns and stars—the fate of kings and nations—the fate of every publican and harlot, and heathen and outcast—the fate of all who are in death and hell, depends alike upon the sacred heart of Jesus; the heart which groaned at the tomb of Lazarus His friend; the heart which wept over Jerusalem; the heart which said to the blessed Magdalene, the woman who was a sinner: “Go in peace; thy sins are forgiven thee;” the heart which now yearns after every sinful and wandering soul in His church, and all over the earth of God, crying to you all: “Why will ye die?  Have I any pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord, and not rather that he should turn from his wickedness and live?  Come unto me, all ye that are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest.”  Oh, my friends, wonderful as my words are—as wonderful to me who speak them as they can be to you who hear them—yet they are true.  True; for on that table stand the bread and wine whereof He Himself said, standing upon this very earth which He Himself had made: “This is my body which is given for you; this cup is the new covenant in my blood, which I will give for the life of the world.”

XXXVII.

THE KINGDOM OF GOD

The kingdom of God is within you.—Luke xvii. 21.

These words are in the second lesson for this morning’s service.  Let us think a little about them.

What they mean must depend on what the kingdom of God means; for that is the one thing about which they speak.

Now, the kingdom of God is very often spoken of in the New Testament.  Indeed, it is the thing it speaks of above all others.  It was the thing which our Lord went about preaching.  It was the thing of which He spoke in His parables, likening the kingdom of God first to one thing, then to another, that He might make men understand what it was like.

Now, it is worth remarking that we—I mean even religious people—speak very little about the kingdom of God nowadays.  One hears less about it than about any other words, almost, which stand in the New Testament.  Both in sermons and in religious books, and in the talk of godly people, one hears the kingdom of God spoken of very seldom.  One hears words about the Church, which are very good and true; but very little, if anything, about the kingdom of God, though both St. Paul, and St. John, and the blessed Lord Himself, speak of the two together, as if they could not be parted; as if one could not think of the one without thinking of the other.  And we hear words about the gospel, too, some of them very good and true, and others, I am sorry to say, very bad and false: but, true or false, they are not often joined now in men’s minds, or mouths, or books, with the kingdom of God.  But the New Testament joins them almost always.  It says that gospel must be good news.  Therefore the gospel must be good news about something.  But about what?  We hear all manner of answers nowadays; but we hear the right one very seldom.  People talk of the gospel as if it only meant the good news that one man can be saved here, and another man can be saved there.  And that is good news, certainly.  It is good and blessed news to hear that any one poor sinner can be saved from sin, and from the wages of sin.  But the holy scriptures, when they talk of the gospel, call it the gospel of the kingdom of God.  And I think it best and wisest to call it oftenest, what the holy scripture calls it oftenest, and to try and understand, first of all, what that means, what the good news of the kingdom of God is: and to understand that, we must first understand what the kingdom of God is.

But some may answer, holy scripture speaks of the gospel of salvation.  True, it does, once or twice.  But what does that show?  Is that a different gospel from the gospel of the kingdom of God?  Are there two gospels?  Surely not.  Else why would holy scripture speak so often of “the gospel”—“the good news,” by itself, without any word after to show what it was about?  It says often simply “the gospel;” because there is but one gospel; and, as St. Paul says, if any man or angel preach any other than that one, “Let him be anathema.”

Therefore the gospel of salvation must be the same as the gospel of the kingdom of God; and, therefore, it seems to me, that salvation and the kingdom of God must be one and the same thing.

Now, do you think so?  When I say “The kingdom of God is salvation,” do you think it is?  Have you even any clear notion of what I mean when I say it?  Some of you have not, I am afraid; you cannot see at first sight what salvation and the kingdom of God have to do with each other.  And why?  You think salvation means being saved from hell, and going to heaven, when you die.  And so it does: but I trust in God and in God’s holy scripture, that it means a great deal more; for I think it means being unfit for hell, and fit for heaven, before we die.  At least, so says the Church Catechism, which teaches every little child to thank his Heavenly Father for having brought him into such a state of salvation in this life, even while he is young.  Thanks be to The Spirit of God which taught our fore-fathers to put these precious words into the Church Catechism, to guard us against falling into the very same mistake as the Pharisees of old fell into, when they asked our Lord when the kingdom of God was to come.  And, believe me, it is easy enough and common enough to fall into the same mistake.

For what was their mistake?  They fancied that the kingdom of God was not yet come.  And do not most of you think the same?  They did not deny, of course, that God was almighty, and could rule and govern all mankind if He chose so to do.  But they did not believe that He was ruling and governing all mankind then, because they did not know what His rule and government were like.  Now, St. Paul tells us what God’s kingdom is like.  The kingdom of God, he says, is righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.  So wherever there is righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit, there the kingdom of God is.  But His kingdom over what?  Over dumb animals, or over men?  Over men, certainly; for dumb animals cannot have righteousness, or joy in the Holy Spirit.  But over what part of a man?  Over his body or over his spirit, as we call it nowadays?  Over his spirit, certainly; for it is only our spirits which can be righteous, or peaceful, or joyful in God’s Spirit.  Therefore God’s kingdom, of which St. Paul speaks, is a kingdom, a government over the souls, the spirits of men.  Now, are our spirits the inward part of us, or our bodies?  Our spirits, certainly.  We all say, and say rightly, that our bodies are the outward part of us, and that our spirits are within us.  Now, do you not see how that agrees exactly with the blessed Lord’s saying in the text, “Behold, the kingdom of God is within you”—that is, in your spirits, because it is righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit; and these are things which only our souls, not our bodies at all, can have.

But these Pharisees were not righteous; they were wicked and hypocritical men.  Was the kingdom of God within them?  The blessed Lord said plainly that it was.  He said not, “The kingdom of God is within some people’s hearts;” or, “The kingdom of God is within the hearts of believers;” or, “The kingdom of God might be within you if you liked.”  But He said that the kingdom of God was then and there within the hearts of those wicked and unbelieving Pharisees.

Now, how could that be?  In the same way that some time before that, as St. Luke tells us, the power of the Lord was present to heal those same Pharisees; and they were for the time amazed, and glorified God, and were filled with fear at His mighty works; but not healed.  Their souls were not cured of their sin and folly by any means; for we find in the very next chapter, that because Jesus cured a palsied man on the Sabbath-day they were filled with madness, and consulted together how to kill Him.

For, my friends, as it was with them, so it is with us.  God’s kingdom is within every one of us; but it may make us worse, as well as make us better.  It may fill us with righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit; or it may fill us, as it filled the Pharisees, with madness, and hatred of religion and of goodness; as it is written, that the gospel may be a savour of death unto death to us, as well as a savour of life unto life.  And it depends on us which it shall be.

This is what I mean: God’s kingdom is within each of us.  God is the King of our hearts and souls; our baptism tells us so; and it tells us truly.  And because God is the King of each of our hearts, He comes everlastingly to take possession of our hearts, and continues claiming our souls for His own.  He speaks in our hearts day and night; whenever we have a good thought, He speaks in our hearts, and says to us: “I am the King of your spirit.  It must obey me.  I put this good thought into your hearts, and you are bound to follow that good thought, because it is a law of my kingdom.”  Or again, God speaks in our hearts, and says to us: “You have done this wrong thing.  You know that it is wrong.  You know that it is an offence against my law.  Why have you rebelled against me?”  Or again, when we see anyone do a good, a loving, or a noble action; or when we read of the lives of good and noble men and women; above all, when we read or hear of the character and doings of the blessed Lord Jesus, then and there God speaks in our hearts, and stirs us up to love and admire these noble and blessed examples, and says to us: “That is right.  That is beautiful.  That is what men should do.  That is what you should do.  Why are you not like that man?  Why are you not like my saints?  Why are you not like me, the Lord Jesus Christ?”

You all surely know what I mean.  You know that I do not mean that you hear a voice speaking to your ears, but that thoughts and feelings come into your heart, without you putting them there: ay, often enough, in spite of your trying to drive them away.  Now, those right thoughts are the kingdom of God within you.  They are the voice of the Lord Jesus Christ speaking by His Holy Spirit to your spirit, and telling you that He is your King, and that you ought to obey Him; and that obeying Him means being righteous and good, as He is righteous and good; and calling on you to give up your own wills and fancies, and to do His will, and let Him make you holy, even as He is holy.  That, I say, is the kingdom of God showing itself within you, telling you that God is your King, and telling you how to obey Him.

But what if a man will not hear that voice?  What if a man rebels proudly against the good thoughts that rise in his mind, and tries to forget them, and grows angry with them, angry with the preacher, the Church Service, the Bible itself, because they will go on reminding him of what he knows in his heart to be right?  What if those good thoughts only make him the more stubborn and determined to do his own pleasure, and follow his own interests, and do his own will?

Do you not see that to that man God’s kingdom over his heart is a savour of death unto death—that his finding out that God is his Lord only makes him more rebellious—that God’s Spirit striving with his heart to bring it right, only stirs up his stubbornness and self-will, and makes him go the more obstinately wrong?

Oh, my friends, this is a fearful thought!  That man can become worse by God’s loving desire to make him better!  But so it is.  So it was with Pharaoh of old.  All God’s pleading with him by the message of Moses and Aaron, by the mighty plagues which God sent on Egypt, only hardened Pharaoh’s heart.  The Lord God spoke to him, and his message only lashed Pharaoh’s proud and wicked will into greater fury and rebellion, as a vicious horse becomes the more unmanageable the more you punish it.  Therefore, it is said plainly in scripture, that The Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart; not as some fancy, that the Lord’s will was to make Pharaoh hard-hearted and wicked.  God forbid.  The Lord is the fountain of good only, and not He, but we and the devil, make evil.  But the more the Lord pleaded with Pharaoh, and tried to bend his will, the more self-willed he became.  The more the Lord showed Pharaoh that the Lord was King, the more he hated the kingdom and will of God, the more he determined to be king himself, and to obey no law but his own wicked fancies and pleasures, and asked: “Who is the Lord, that I should obey Him?”

And so it was with the Pharisees.  When they found out that the kingdom of God was within them, that God was the King of their hearts and minds, and was trying to change their feelings and alter their opinions, it only maddened them.  They were determined not to change.  They were determined not to confess that they had been wrong, and had mistaken the meaning of holy scripture.  They were too proud to confess what Jesus told them, that they were no better than the poor ignorant common people whom they despised.  And yet they knew in their hearts that He was right.  When the Lord told them the parable of the vineyard, they answered, “God forbid!” they felt at once that the parable had to do with them—that they were the wicked husbandmen on whom He said their master would take vengeance: but that only maddened them the more, till they ended by crucifying the Lord of Glory, upon a pretence which they knew was a false and lying one; and when Judas Iscariot said, “I have betrayed the innocent blood,” they did not deny that the Lord Jesus was innocent; all they answered was, “What is that to us?”  They were determined to have their own way whether He was innocent or not.  They had seen God’s likeness.  They had seen what God was like, by seeing the conduct of His only begotten Son Jesus Christ.  And when they saw God’s likeness they hated it, because it was not like themselves.  And the more God strove with their hearts, and tried to make them obey Him, the more, in short, they felt His kingdom within them, the more they hated that kingdom of God within them, because it reproved them, and convinced them of sin.  Oh, my friends, young people especially, beware; beware lest you fall into the same miserable state of mind.  The kingdom of God is within you.  The Holy Spirit, by which you were regenerate in holy baptism, is stirring and pleading with your hearts, making you happy when you do right, unhappy when you do wrong.  Oh, listen to those good thoughts and feelings within you!  Never fancy that they are your own thoughts and feelings: else you will fancy that you can put them away and take them back again when you choose to change and become religious.  Do not let the devil deceive you into that notion.  These good thoughts and feelings are the Spirit of God.  They are the signs that the kingdom of God is within you; that God is King and Master of your hearts and minds; and that you cannot keep Him out of them: but that He can enter into them when He likes, and put right thoughts into them.  But though you cannot prevent God and His kingdom entering into you, you can refuse to enter into it.  Alas! alas! how many of you shut your ears to God’s voice: try to drive God’s Spirit out of your own hearts; try to forget what is right, because it is unpleasant to remember it, and say to yourselves, “I will have my own way.  I will try and forget what the clergyman said in his sermon, or what I learnt at school.  I am grown up now, and I will do what I like.”  Oh, my friends, is it a wise or a hopeful battle to fight against the living God?  Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed to the day of redemption, lest He go away from you and leave you to yourselves, spiritually dead, twice dead, plucked up by the roots, whose end is to be burned.  Grieve Him not, lest He depart, and with Him both the Father and the Son.  And then you will not know right from wrong, because God the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of right, has left you.  You will not know what a man ought to be or do, because the Son of Man, the perfect likeness of God, and therefore the pattern of man, has left you.  You will not know that God the Father is your Father, but only fancy him a stern taskmaster, reaping where He has not sown, and requiring of you more than you are bound to pay, because God the Father has left you.

You may, indeed, keep out ugly thoughts for a time.  You may go on wantonly in sin, and worldliness, and self-will.  And then, by way of falling deeper still, you may take up with some false sort of religion, which makes people fancy that they know God, and are one of His elect, while in works they deny Him, and their sinful heart is unchanged.  Then your mouth indeed may be full of second-hand talk about the gospel.  But what gospel?  I call that a devil’s gospel, and not God’s gospel, which makes men fancy that they may continue in sin that grace may abound.  I call any grace which leaves men in their sins the devil’s grace, and not God’s grace.  Certainly it is not the gospel of the kingdom of God; for if it was, it would produce in men the fruits of that kingdom, righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit, instead of the fruits which we see too often, bigotry and self-conceit, bitterness, evil-speaking, and hard judgments, and joy in a most unholy and damnable spirit, not to mention covetousness and deceitfulness, or even in some cases wantonness and lust.  And yet such men will often fancy that they belong especially to God, and doubt whether He will have mercy on any who do not exactly agree with them; while in reality God and His kingdom have utterly left their hearts, and they are as blind and dark as the beasts which perish.  May God preserve us from that second death which comes on sinners, when, after a sinful youth, their terrified souls begin to cry out in fear at the sight of their sins; and they, instead of casting away their sins, keep their sins, or change old sins for more respectable and safe new ones, and drug their souls with false doctrines, as foolish nurses quiet children’s crying by giving them poisonous medicines.  I know men who have fallen, I really fear at times, into that state of mind, and are like those Pharisees of whom our Lord said: “Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?”  Even for them it is not too late: but, let them recollect, if the kingdom of God is within them, if they have any feelings of right and wrong left in them, that their covetousness, and lying, and slandering, and conceit, is fighting against God; that these are just what God desires to cast out of them; and that unless they give up their hearts to God, and let Him cast out their sins, and be converted, and become like little children, gentle, humble, teachable, friendly, and kind-hearted, obedient to their heavenly Father, God will cast them out of His kingdom among the things which offend, and bring a bad name on religion; among those very profligate and open sinners whom they are so ready to despise and curse.

XXXVIII.

THE LIGHT

But all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light: for whatsoever doth make manifest is light.  Wherefore He saith, Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light.—Ephesians v. 13, 14.

St. Paul has been telling the Ephesians who they are; that they are God’s dear children.  To whom they belong; to Christ who has given Himself for them.  What they ought to do; to follow God’s likeness, and live in love.  That they are light in the Lord; and are to walk as children of the light; and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.  As much as to say: Do not believe those who tell you that there is no harm in young people going wrong together before marriage, provided they intend to marry after all.  Do not believe those who tell you that there is no harm in filthy words, provided you do not do filthy things; and no harm in swearing, provided you do not mean the curses which you speak.  Do not believe those who tell you there is no harm in poaching another man’s game, provided you do not steal his poultry, or anything except his game.  Do not believe those who tell you that there is no harm in being covetous, provided you do not actually cheat your neighbours; and that the sin lies, not in being covetous at all, but in being more covetous than the law will let you be.