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Pronouncing Arabic
The Arabic alphabet is written and read from right to left and horizontally. There are 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet:
The table below shows the letters that are similar to those in English, and that you should therefore have no problem learning or pronouncing.
Unfamiliar sounds
The Arabic letters below are the ones that are either hard to pronounce or are pronounced a little bit differently.
Top ten tips
There are some social conventions and local customs that visitors should be aware of when travelling in Arab countries. Many traditional customs and beliefs are tied up with religion, and Islam (the main religion in most Arab countries) has a clear influence on how people live and behave.
1 A handshake is the customary form of greeting.
2 Many of the manners and social customs are similar to French manners, particularly amongst the middle classes.
3 Visitors may find, in some social situations, that being patient and firm pays dividends.
4 Often, visitors may find themselves the centre of unsolicited attention. In towns, young boys after money will be eager to point out directions, sell goods or simply charge for a photograph, while unofficial guides will offer advice or services. Visitors should be courteous, but wary of the latter.
5 Women travelling alone, and/or wearing clothes regarded as provocative (e.g. revealing tops, short skirts, etc.) may attract unwanted attention.
6 Sexual relations outside marriage, and homosexual conduct are punishable by law.
7 Smoking is widespread and it is customary to offer cigarettes. In most cases it is obvious where not to smoke, except during Ramadan when it is illegal to eat, drink or smoke in public.
8 Dress should be conservative and women should not wear revealing clothes, particularly when in religious buildings and in towns. Western style clothing is, however, accepted in modern nightclubs, restaurants, hotels and bars in tourist destinations.