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Collins Primary Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling
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2019
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Common nouns
These nouns are used to name every example of a certain type of thing. They start with a small letter.
There are three different types of common nouns.
Concrete nouns
A concrete noun is a physical object that you can actually touch:
Abstract nouns
An abstract noun is something that does not physically exist and so cannot be touched:
Collective nouns
A collective noun is a group or collection of things:
Proper nouns
These nouns are used for a particular person, place or thing. They start with a capital letter.
Singular and plural
The singular form of a noun is used to mean only one of a thing:
The plural form is used to mean more than one of a thing:
The possessive
The possessive (which is sometimes called the possessive case) is used to show that a person or thing owns another person or thing. You add ’s to the end of the noun that is the owner:
my mother’s sister
Nick’s football boots
the cat’s paw
the stadium’s roof
If the noun is a plural that already ends in s, you put an apostrophe at the end of the word:
the soldiers’ uniforms
those boys’ bicycles
African elephants’ ears
tractors’ wheels
You don’t use ’s to make a plural noun. It is only used for showing the possessive.
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that tells you something about a noun. Adjectives can describe nouns in a number of ways:
how they feel or what they are like:
a happy child
a strange boy
a joyful occasion
what they look like:
a large tree
a spotty dress
a gorgeous beach
what they sound, smell, taste or feel like:
a noisy party
a stinky cheese
a delicious cake
a hard seat
what colour they are:
a yellow bag
dark hair
green leaves
where they come from:
our German relatives
my American friend
a northern accent
what something is made from:
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