Urban and suburban transport intelligent management. Textbook

– reduction of accidents on the roads. The computer responsible for driving the car will be able to automatically receive information about possible concentrations of people in certain areas and take the necessary measures.

Depending on the frequency and specifics of trips, artificial intelligence will be able to predict, for example, the need for a technical inspection or the need to replace tires.

1.2.3 Application of IoT in the aviation industry

As noted in, the use of IoT for dynamic tracking and compensation of turbulent flows on the surface of aircraft is actively developing to improve the efficiency of aircraft design and reduce fuel consumption.

To overcome the difficulties of measuring at high speeds of modern aircraft, engineering solutions are being developed for the placement of dense networks of sensors and actuators for accurate registration, the formation of turbulent flows and the development of control actions aimed at countering their effects.

The usual air transport control towers are being replaced by intelligent systems based on receiving data from high-precision video cameras of a new generation. It also allows you to adjust the schemes of operation of ground transport of airports, planning of passenger terminals.

1.2.4 Internet of Things in marine environment monitoring

The issues of monitoring the marine environment are currently receiving close attention due to the importance of climate change issues. It is worth noting that traditional marine monitoring systems take a lot of time, and the collected data have a low resolution. The Internet of Things plays an important role in this area. Compared to wireless sensor networks (WSN), IoT has much more powerful data processing capabilities, providing intelligent object management.

The scope of marine environment monitoring based on IoT include: 1) ocean sounding and monitoring; 2) water quality monitoring; 3) coral reef monitoring; 4) offshore or deep-sea fisheries monitoring.

Sensor nodes are used to determine and monitor environmental parameters such as water temperature and pH, salinity, turbidity, oxygen density and chlorophyll levels, and the collected data is transmitted to the receiving nodes via the ZigBee network protocol or other wireless communication protocols.

The use of digital technologies makes it possible to improve the methods of monitoring and detection of water pollution. The use of specialized applications opens up new opportunities for underwater climate registration, monitoring of marine fauna, detection of natural resources, pipeline leaks, etc.

1.3 Digital logistics

The use of IoT for operational monitoring of cargo movement and the condition of objects of the transport process in online mode is aimed at accelerating the promotion of cargo flows and reducing the cost of cargo delivery. The creation of a unified information network that consolidates data on the movement of goods with other sources of information allows for optimal interaction with shippers and consignees and to improve the quality of logistics services, which makes the logistics process more open. [39]

Logistics is one of the first areas in which the introduction of IoT technology has begun for the implementation of intelligent, networked and automated logistics operations, where the Internet acts as a necessary tool.

The logistics sphere is one of the most important in which the Internet of Things technologies have become widespread due to the fact that it is characterized by large volumes of moved, tracked and interacting objects.

As indicated, the availability of modern intelligent logistics systems has a great influence on the economic competitiveness of the country. To ensure the rapid pace of formation and implementation of cargo supply chains in electronic commerce, it is necessary to use digital tools to optimize demand forecasting and rational inventory planning of goods in warehouses in various geographical regions in order to reduce the cost of delivery and the time of turnover of goods. This has determined the change of trends at the present time from the optimization of commodity movement to the optimization of information flows.

The key goal is the transition from warehouse, transport and trade logistics to distribution logistics, based on an optimal analysis of the requirements of buyers and consumers, taking into account the criterion of maximum proximity to places of sale or use for rational supply chain management.

IoT makes it possible to make the procurement planning system more accessible to the customer, taking into account logistics costs, by increasing transparency and relevance of information about all offers.

The following areas of application of IoT in the logistics complex can be distinguished:

1) autonomous warehouse equipment;

2) control of the current location and dislocation of goods, inventory of the warehouse, tracking of goods throughout the supply chain;

3) prevention of misuse of transport and theft of fuel.

Logistics intellectualization is based on the principles of intelligent management and integration of all parts of the logistics process into an integration system with the lowest costs

The Internet of Things can implement functions such as intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of various objects (including people).

Modern realities have identified logistics needs and at the same time put forward new requirements for logistics companies, such as the ability to receive and transmit logistics information in a timely and accurate manner and provide customers with real-time information.

Building a digital ecosystem of transport logistics will allow the user to calculate the cost of cargo transportation, promptly send a request for transportation, and organize monitoring of this process. [45]