The Three Cities Trilogy: Paris, Complete

10

The purposes of the Ecole Normale have been referred to on p. 197. At the Ecole Polytechnique young men receive much of the preliminary training which they require to become either artillery officers, or military, naval or civil engineers. – Trans.

11

Those who know Paris will identify the site selected by M. Zola as that where ‘Colonel’ Lisbonne of the Commune installed his den the ‘Bagne’ some years ago. Nevertheless, such places as the ‘Chamber of Horrors’ now abound in the neighbourhood of Montmartre, and it must be admitted that whilst they are frequented by certain classes of Frenchmen they owe much of their success in a pecuniary sense to the patronage of foreigners. Among the latter, Englishmen are particularly conspicuous. – Trans.

12

Even the oldest Paris night refuges, which are the outcome of private philanthropy – L’Oeuvre de l’Hospitalite de Nuit – have only been in existence some fourteen or fifteen years.

Before that time, and from the period of the great Revolution forward, there was absolutely no place, either refuge, asylum, or workhouse, in the whole of that great city of wealth and pleasure, where the houseless poor could crave a night’s shelter. The various royalist, imperialist and republican governments and municipalities of modern France have often been described as ‘paternal,’ but no governments and municipalities in the whole civilised world have done less for the very poor. The official Poor Relief Board – L’Assistance Publique – has for fifty years been a by-word, a mockery and a sham, in spite of its large revenue. And this neglect of the very poor has been an important factor in every French revolution. Each of these – even that of 1870 – had its purely economic side, though many superficial historians are content to ascribe economic causes to the one Revolution of 1789, and to pass them by in all other instances. – Trans.

13

The title of President of the Council is given to the French prime minister. – Trans.

14

This kind of stock is common enough in France. A part of it is extinguished annually at a public “drawing,” when all such shares or bonds that are drawn become entitled to redemption at “par,” a percentage of them also securing prizes of various amounts. City of Paris Bonds issued on this system are very popular among French people with small savings; but, on the other hand, many ventures, whose lottery stock has been authorised by the Legislature, have come to grief and ruined investors. – Trans.

15

All who are acquainted with recent French history will be aware that Barroux’ narrative is simply a passage from the life of the late M. Floquet, slightly modified to suit the requirements of M. Zola’s story. – Trans.

16

This ditch or dry moat is about 30 feet deep and 50 feet wide. The counterscarp by which one may descend into it has an angle of 45 degrees. – Trans.

17

Ever since the days of the Bourbon Restoration it has been the practice in the French Chambers for the more conservative members to seat themselves on the President’s right, and for the Radical ones to place themselves on his left. The central seats of the semicircle in which the members’ seats are arranged in tiers are usually occupied by men of moderate views.

Generally speaking, such terms as Right Centre and Left Centre are applied to groups of Moderates inclining in the first place to Conservatism and in the latter to Radicalism. All this is of course known to readers acquainted with French institutions, but I give the explanation because others, after perusing French news in some daily paper, have often asked me what was meant by “a deputy of the Right,” and so forth. – Trans.

18

The heroine of M. Zola’s “Lourdes.”

19

English readers may be reminded that in France the verdict of a majority of the jury suffices for conviction or acquittal. If the jury is evenly divided the prisoner is acquitted. – Trans.

20

In Paris nearly all clerks and shop-assistants receive monthly salaries, while most workmen are paid once a fortnight. – Trans.