The Theory and Policy of Labour Protection

b. Protection of intervals of rest:

Protection of daily intervals – of night-work – of holidays – Sundays and festivals.

2. Protection during work:

Against dangers to life, health, and morals, and against neglect of teaching and instruction, incurred in course of work.

3. Protection in personal intercourse: —

In the personal and industrial relations existing between the dependent worker and the employer and his people (truck-protection).

B. Protection of the status of the workman (protection in the making and fulfilment of agreements) which may also be called:

Protection of agreement, or contract-protection.

1. Protection on entering into agreements of service, and throughout the duration of the contract:

Protection in terms of agreement and dismissal,

Protection against loss of character.

2. Regulation of admissible conditions of contract, and of legal extensions of contract.

3. Protection in the fulfilment of conditions after the completion of service agreements.

II. Various Legislative Methods of Labour Protection

Compulsory legal protection – protection by the optional adoption of regulations.

Regulation under the code – regulation by special enactment.

III. Organisation of Labour Protection

1. Courts by which it is administered:

A. Protection by the ordinary administrative bodies —

Police,

Magistrates,

Church and School authorities,

Military and Naval authorities.

B. Protection by specially constituted bodies,

1. Governmental:

a. Administrative:

Industrial Inspectorates (including mining experts),

“Labour-Boards,”

Special organs: local, district, provincial, and imperial;

b. Judicial:

Judicial Courts,

Courts of Arbitration.

2. Representative: (trade-organisations):

“Labour-Chambers,”

“Labour Councillors,”

Councils composed of the oldest representatives of the trade,

Labour-councils: local, district, provincial, and imperial.

II. Methods of Administration and Administrative Records

a. Methods:

Hearing of Special Appeals,

Granting periods of exemption,

Fixing of times,

Regulating of fines,

Application of money collected in fines, etc.

b. Records:

Factory-regulations,

Certificates of health,

Factory-list of children employed,

Official overtime list,

Labour log-book,