Italy’s Sorrow: A Year of War 1944–45

Sam Bradshaw British reconnaissance trooper with 6 Royal Tank Regiment, 7th Armoured Brigade

Kendall Brooke South African subaltern with A Coy, Royal Natal Carbineers, 6th SA Armoured Division

Friedrich Büchner German trainee artillery officer with 98th Infantry Division

Albert Burke American master sergeant with Divisional HQ, 92nd ‘Buffalo’ Infantry Division

Ion Calvocoressi British senior aide-de-camp to General Sir Oliver Leese, Tactical HQ, Eighth Army

Carla Capponi Italian civilian and member of Rome-based resistance movement GAP Central

Eugenio Corti Italian lieutenant with 184th Artillery Regiment, Nembo Division, CIL, later Folgore Combat Group

Carla Costa Italian civilian spy with German Intelligence Service (Abwehr)

William Cremonini Italian sergeant with Bir el Gobi Company, Alessandro Pavolini’s personal bodyguard

Antonio Cucciati Italian teenager paratrooper with Nuotati e Paracadutisti Battalion, Flottiglia Decima MAS

Elena Curti Italian civilian and illegitimate daughter of Benito Mussolini, working for government of the RSI

Charles Dills American fighter pilot with 522nd Squadron, 27th Fighter Bomber Group

Group Captain Hugh ‘Cocky’ Dundas British airman serving as wing commander, HQ Desert Air Force, 244 Wing; commanding officer, 244 Wing, RAF

Clara Duse Italian civilian living in Trieste

Tom Finney British trooper with 9th Queen’s Royal Lancers, 78th Division

Dick Frost South African lance corporal with D Squadron, Royal Natal Carbineers, 12th Motor Infantry Brigade, 6th SA Armoured Division

Martha Gellhorn American freelance journalist and war correspondent with Collier’s Magazine. Estranged wife of the writer Ernest Hemingway

Tini Glover Maori sergeant with 28th Maori Battalion, 2nd New Zealand Division

Hans Golda German commanding officer serving with 8th Battery, Werfer Regiment 71

Reg Harris British sergeant with 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards

Stephen Hastings British liaison officer with No 1 Special Force, SOE in Piacenza

Willi Holtfreter German fighter pilot with fighter group III/JG 53

Hamilton Howze American commander, 13th Armored Battalion; later commander Combat Command B, 1st Armored Division

Jupp Klein German commander with Pioneer Company, 1st Fallschirmjäger Division

Hans-Jürgen Kumberg German paratrooper with 4th Parachute Regiment, 1st Paratroop Division

Norman Lewis British intelligence officer with 412th Field Security Service

Franz Maassen German NCO with 2nd Battalion, 994th Infantry Regiment, 278th Infantry Division

Iader Miserocchi Italian partisan commander of 2nd Battalion, 8th Garibaldi Brigade; later served with 28th Garibaldi Brigade

Peter Moore British officer with 2/5th Battalion, Leicestershire Regiment

Ken Neill New Zealander flight commander with 225 Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, RAF

Marchesa Iris Origo Irish/American/Italian civilian living in Val d’Orcia, southern Tuscany

Cornelia Paselli Italian civilian living near Monte Sole

Francesco Pirini Italian civilian living near Monte Sole

Pasua Pisa Italian civilian farmer living on Monte Rotondo, near Amaseno

Italo Quadrelli Italian civilian living at Onferno, near Rimini

Walter Reder German commanding officer, 16th Reconnaissance Battalion, 16th Waffen-SS

Gianni Rossi Italian partisan; served as second-in-command, Stella Rossa, Monte Sole

Wladek Rubnikowicz Polish troop leader with 2nd Squadron, 12th Lancers Reconnaissance Regiment, 3rd Carpathian Division, II Polish Corps

Emilio Sacerdote Italian Jew and partisan in Piemonte

Ray Saidel American private first class with G Coy, 1st Armored Regiment, 1st Armored Division

Rudi Schreiber German engineer with Pioneer Battalion, 16th Waffen-SS Panzer Grenadier Division

Stan Scislowski Canadian private with Perth Regiment, 11th Infantry Brigade, 5th Canadian Armoured Division

Willfried Segebrecht German commanding officer, 1 Company, 16th Reconnaissance Battalion, 16th Waffen-SS

Eric Sevareid American broadcast journalist and war correspondent for CBS

Hans Sitka Czech German NCO with East Regiment

Carlo Venturi Italian partisan with Stella Rossa and later 62nd Garibaldi Brigade

Roberto Vivarelli Italian volunteer with Bir el Gobi Company

Ernest Wall British wireless operator/air gunner with 1 Squadron, South African Air Force

Bucky Walters American sergeant with H Coy, 135th Infantry Regiment, 34th ‘Red Bull’ Infantry Division

Bob Wiggans American commanding officer with ‘D’ Coy, 1st Battalion, 338th Infantry, 85th ‘Custer’ Infantry Division