Генетические загадки. Как человечество выигрывает от разницы наших ДНК

45

Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (New York: Free Press, 1994).

46

Richard J. Herrnstein, I.Q. in the Meritocracy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973).

47

Elizabeth S. Anderson, “What Is the Point of Equality?”, Ethics 109, no. 2 (январь 1999 г.): 287–337, https://doi.org/10.1086/233897.

48

“Remarks by the President… on the Completion of the First Survey of the Entire Human Genome Project”, White House press release, 26 июня 2000 г., https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/WH/New/html/genome-20000626.html.

49

J. B. S. Haldane, “KARL PEARSON, 1857–1957”, Biometrika 44, no. 3–4 (декабрь 1957 г.): 303–313, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/44.3–4.303.

50

Roberto Mangabeira Unger, Social Theory: Its Situation audits Task (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987; репр., London and Brooklyn: Verso, 2004).

“Roberto Mangabeira Unger's Alternative Progressive Vision”, The Nation, 21 июля 2020 г., https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/roberto-mangabeira-ungers-alternative-progressive-vision/.

51

Jeremy Freese, “Genetics and the Social Science Explanation of Individual Outcomes”, American Journal of Sociology 114, suppl. S1 (2008): S1–35, https://doi.org/10.1086/592208.

52

“Susan Mayer on What Money Can't Buy”, Econlib, доступ 22 июля 2020 г., http://www.econtalk.org/susan-mayer-on-what-money-cant-buy/.

53

Jedidiah Carlson and Kelley Harris, “Quantifying and Contextualizing the Impact of bioRxiv Preprints through Automated Social Media Audience Segmentation”, PLOS Biology 18, no. 9 (22 сентября 2020 г.): e3000860, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000860.

54

Amy Harmon, “Why White Supremacists Are Chugging Milk (and Why Geneticists Are Alarmed)”, The New York Times, 17 октября 2018 г., https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/us/white-supremacists-science-dna.html.

Aaron Panofsky and Joan Donovan, “Genetic Ancestry Testing among White Nationalists: From Identity Repair to Citizen Science”, Social Studies of Science 49, no. 5 (1 октября 2019 г.): 653–681, https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312719861434.

Michael Price, “'It's a Toxic Place.' How the Online World of White Nationalists Distorts Population Genetics”, Science, May 22, 2018, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/05/it-s-toxic-place-how-online-world-white-nationalists-distorts-population-genetics.

55

Perline Demange et al., “Investigating the Genetic Architecture of Non-cognitive Skills Using GWAS-by-Subtraction”, Nature Genetics 53 (7 января 2021 г.): 35–44, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00754-2.

56

“Pepe the Frog”, Anti-Defamation League, доступ 6 августа 2020 г., https://www.adl.org/education/references/hate-symbols/pepe-the-frog.

57

Eric Turkheimer, Kathryn Paige Harden, and Richard E. Nisbett, “Charles Murray Is Once Again Peddling Junk Science about Race and IQ”, Vox, 18 мая 2017 г., https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2017/5/18/15655638/charles-murray-race-iq-sam-harris-science-free-speech.

58

Allen Buchanan et al., From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000).

59

К сожалению, до сих пор не удалось достичь консенсуса по поводу описания паттернов генетического происхождения. Я применяю в таких случаях привязанное к части света прилагательное «европейский», но отдаю себе отчет, что этот термин неточен и может быть превратно понят некоторыми читателями. Есть также риск представить расу не социальной, а чисто биологической категорией. Я подробнее вернусь к этим вопросам в главе 4.

Adam Auton et al., “A Global Reference for Human Genetic Variation”, Nature 526, no. 7571 (октябрь 2015 г.): 68–74, https://doi.org/10.1038/naturel5393.

60

Roberto Tuchman and Isabelle Rapin, “Epilepsy in Autism”, The Lancet Neurology 1, no. 6 (1 октября 2002 г.): 352–358, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(02)00160-6.

61

Christine A. Olson et al., “The Gut Microbiota Mediates the Anti-Seizure Effects of the Ketogenic Diet”, Cell 173, no. 7 (14 июня 2018 г.): 1728–1741.el3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027.

62

Emily Perl Kingsley, “Welcome to Holland”, Contact 136, no. 1 (январь 2001 г.): 14, https://doi.org/10.1080/13520806.2001.11758925.

63

Tara Lakes, “I'm Tired of Holland and I Want to Go Home”, Grace for That (блог), 10 июня 2015 г., https://momlakes.wordpress.com/2015/06/10/im-tired-of-holland-and-i-want-to-go-home/.

64

Raj Rai and Lesley Regan, “Recurrent Miscarriage”, The Lancet 368, no. 9535 (12 августа 2006 г.): 601–611, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69204-0.

65

Emily A Willoughby et al., “Free Will, Determinism, and Intuitive Judgments About the Heritability of Behavior”, Behavior Genetics 49, no. 2 (март 2019 г.): 136–153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-018-9931-1.

66

Eric R. Olson, “Why Are Over 250 Million Sperm Cells Released from the Penis during Sex?”, Scienceline, 2 июня 2008 г., https://scienceline.org/2008/06/ask-olson-sperm/.

67

Sean B. Carroll, A Series of Fortunate Events: Chance and the Making of the Planet, Life, and You (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020).

68

“The American Family Today”, Pew Research Center Social & Demographic Trends, 17 декабря 2015 г., https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/12/17/1-the-american-family-today/.

69

Lisa Pickoff-White and Ryan Levi, “Are There Really More Dogs Than Children in S.F.?”, KQED, 24 мая 2018 г., https://www.kqed.org/news/11669269/are-there-really-more-dogs-than-children-in-s-f.

70

Naomi R. Wray et al., “Complex Trait Prediction from Genome Data: Contrasting EBV in Livestock to PRS in Humans”, Genetics 211, no. 4 (1 апреля 2019 г.): 1131–1141, https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.301859.

71

Wray et al.