TOEFL, сдавайся!

In addition to problem-solving, bilinguals are known for enhanced multitasking abilities. Studies have shown that juggling multiple languages helps develop greater cognitive flexibility, allowing bilingual individuals to switch between tasks more efficiently than monolinguals. This flexibility extends beyond language use and benefits other areas, such as attention control.

Another benefit of bilingualism is its positive effect on memory. Because bilingual individuals must continually practice retrieving words and structures from both languages, their memory function is sharpened. This regular exercise strengthens the brain’s overall memory capacity, particularly in working memory, which is crucial for both academic and everyday tasks.

Lastly, bilingualism is associated with a delay in the onset of cognitive decline. Research has suggested that bilingual individuals tend to show symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease later than their monolingual counterparts. This finding supports the idea that managing two languages throughout life helps build cognitive reserve, which can delay the effects of brain aging.

In conclusion, the cognitive benefits of bilingualism extend across problem-solving, multitasking, memory, and long-term brain health. These advantages suggest that learning a second language is not just a cultural or practical skill but also a way to enhance overall cognitive function.

Примеры вопросов:

1. According to the passage, what is one way that bilingualism benefits problem-solving skills?

A. Bilinguals can process new information faster than monolinguals.

B. Bilinguals switch between linguistic systems, improving rule-switching abilities.

C. Bilinguals memorize vocabulary more efficiently than monolinguals.

D. Bilinguals can delay cognitive decline.

Answer:B. Bilinguals switch between linguistic systems, improving rule-switching abilities.

2. The author mentions multitasking to illustrate which of the following points?

A. Bilinguals have stronger memory.

B. Bilinguals have improved attention control.

C. Bilingualism delays dementia.

D. Bilingualism affects academic performance.

Answer:B. Bilinguals have improved attention control.

3. The word «retrieving» in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:

A. learning

B. recalling

C. improving

D. forgetting

Answer:B. recalling

4. Based on the passage, how does bilingualism affect memory?

A. It helps bilinguals learn new information faster.

B. It strengthens working memory through frequent language use.

C. It improves short-term memory but not long-term memory.

D. It prevents memory loss.

Answer:B. It strengthens working memory through frequent language use.

Аудирование – Пример задания TOEFL

А вот пример типичного задания на аудирование TOEFL. Поскольку услышать вы его не сможете, я привожу «транскрипт» диалога. Вообще это может быть разговор, а может быть и короткая лекция, прослушав которые вы должны будете ответить на вопросы по поводу основной идеи, некоторых подробностей сказанного-услышанного и сделать какие-нибудь умные логические заключения, если попросят.

Пример разговора (текстовая запись аудио):

Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and her biology professor.

Professor: Hi, Julia. How can I help you today?

Student: Hi, Professor. I wanted to ask you about the assignment you gave us last week. I’m having a bit of trouble with it.

Professor: Sure. What seems to be the problem?

Student: Well, the instructions say we need to choose an endangered species and explain the factors contributing to its decline, but I’m struggling to find enough information on the species I picked. I chose the axolotl, but it’s hard to find recent data.

Professor: The axolotl is a great choice. It’s an interesting species. But you’re right – there isn’t as much current research as there is on some other species. Have you tried looking at conservation websites or academic databases?

Student: Yes, I checked a few. There’s some information about its habitat loss and pollution, but not much on recent conservation efforts.

Professor: Hmm. You might try expanding your research. Instead of focusing just on the axolotl, you could include other amphibians that face similar threats. That way, you could compare the factors affecting different species. It might give you more material to work with.

Student: That’s a good idea. I hadn’t thought of that. I’ll try looking into other amphibians. Do you think it’s okay to include them even though the assignment says to focus on one species?

Professor: I think it’s fine, as long as you make it clear in your paper that you’re comparing the axolotl to other species facing similar issues. The goal of the assignment is to understand the challenges these species face and how they’re being addressed, so your approach still fits within the guidelines.

Student: That makes sense. Thanks for the advice!