Будущее капитализма

«P 23. Patrice Higonnet, David S. Landes, and Henry Rosovsky, eds., Favorites of Fortune: Technology, Growth, and Economic Development Since the Industrial Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 2.

24. Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 8, p. 42.

25. Jane Chisholm and Anne Millard, Early Civilization (Tulsa, Okla.: Osborne, 1988), p. 14.

26. Ibid., p. 17.

27. John Romer, Ancient Lives: Daily Life in Egypt of the Pharaohs (New York: Henry Holt amp; Co., 1984), p. 123.

28. Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 19, p. 204.

29. Gay Robins, Women in Ancient Egypt (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. 14.

30. Andrea Giardina, ed., The Romans (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 1.

31. James P. Speer, Conflict and War: History, Causes, Consequences, Cures (Fort Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1986), p. 9; Edith Hamilton, The Roman Way (New York: W. W. Norton, 1993), p. 132.

32. Florence Dupont, Daily Life in Ancient Rome (Oxford, U. K.: Blackwell, 1989), p. 23.

33. Jean Paul Moreal, «The Craftsmen,» in Giardina, ed., The Romans, p. 228; Braudel, History of Civilization, p. 19; Frances and Joseph Gies, Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel: Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages (New York: Harper-Collins, 1994), p. 17; M. I. Finley, Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (London: Chatto and Windus, 1981), p. 173.

34. Anthony Marks, Graham Tingay, in Giardina, ed., The Romans, p. 18.

35. Ibid., p. 32.

36. Edith Hamilton, The Roman Way (New York: W. W. Norton, 1993), p. 178.

37. John Matthews, «Roman Life and Society,» in The Oxford History of the Classical World, ed. John Boardman, Jasper Griffin, and Oswyn Murray (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 752; J. F. Drinkwater and Andrew Drummond, The World of the Romans (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 63.

38. Florence Dupont, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, p. 7.

39. Ibid., p. 27.

40. Robert Parker, «Greek Religion,» in The Oxford History of the Classical World, p. 261.

41. Jean Paul Morel, «The Craftsmen,» in Giardina, ed., The Romans, p. 321; Jean Michel Carried, «The Soldier,» in Giardina, ed., The Romans, p. 228; Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 19, p. 453.

42. Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 20, p. 632.

43. Paul Veyne, «The Roman Empire,» in A History of Private Life from Pagan Rome to Byzantium (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1987), p. 118.

44. Andrea Giardina, The Merchant," in Giardina, ed., The Romans, p. 245; Andrea Giardina, ed., The Romans (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), pp. 30, 245.

45. Paul Veyne, Bread and Circuses (London: Penguin, 1990), p. 251.

46. Dupont, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, p. 31.

47. Veyne, Bread and Circuses, p. xvii.

48. Ibid., p. 16.

49. Ibid., pp. 136, 148.

50. Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 19, p. 454.

51. Leonardo B. Dal Maso,.Rome of the Caesars (Florence: Bonechi Edizioni, 1990), p. 1.

52. Giardina, ed… The Romans, p. 33.

53. Paul Veyne, The Roman Empire," p. 163.

54. Yvon Thebert, «Private Life and Domestic Architecture in Roman Africa,» in A History of Private Life from PaganRome to Byzantium, p. 351.

55. Veyne, Bread and Circuses, p. 251.

56. Alam Peyrefitte, The Immobile Empire (New York: Knopf, 1992), p. 420; Braudel, History of Civilization, p. 168.

57. Robert J. Thomas, What Machines Can't Do: Politics and Technology in the Industrial Enterprise (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), pp. xiv, 6, 10.

1. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Money Income of Households, Families and Persons in the United States 1992, Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P-60-184 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993), p. 176.

2. Claudia Goldin and Robert A. Margo, «The Great Compression: The Wage Structure of the United States at Mid-Century,» The Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1994, p. 4.

3. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, 1992, Series P-60 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993), pp. xvi, xvii, 14; Sheldon Danziger and Peter Gottschalk, eds., Uneven Tides (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1993), p. 7.

4. Daniel R. Feenberg and James M. Poterba, Income Inequality and the Incomes of Very High Income Taxpayers, NBER Working Paper No. 4229, December 1992, p. 31.

5. Ibid., p. 5.

6. Margaret M. Blair, «CEO Pay: Why Such a Contentious Issue?» The Brookings Review, Winter 1994, p. 23; Nancy I. Rose, «Executive Compensation,» NBER Reporter, Winter 1994-95, p. 11.

7. «Nice Work,» The Economist, December 10, 1994, p. 67.

8. Robert H. Frank, Talent and the Winner-Take-All Society," The American Prospect, Spring 1994, p. 99.

9. Peter Kilborn, «More Women Take Low Wage Jobs Just So Their Families Can Get By,» New York Times, March 13, 1994, pp. 16, 24.

10. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, 1992. p. B-6.

11. Ibid., p. 21.

12. Lynn A. Karoly, «Changes in the Distribution of Individual Earnings in the United States, 1967-1986,» Review of Economics and Statistics, February 1992, pp. 107, A 78; Danziger and Peter, eds., Uneven Tides, pp.69, 85, 102, 129; Steven J. Davis, Cross-Country Patterns of Changes in Relative Wages, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, p. 273; Karoly, «Changes in the Distribution of Individual Earnings,» pp. 107, 113; Frank Levy and Richard J. Murnane, «U. S. Earnings Levels and Earnings Inequality,» Journal of Economic Literature, September 1992, p. 1333.

13. «Wealth: The Divided States of America,» New York Times, April 23, 1995, p. F2; Steven Sass, «Passing the Buck,» Regional Review, Boston Federal Reserve Bank, Summer 1995, p. 16.

14. Barry Bluestone, Economic Inequality and the Macro-Structuralist Debate. Eastern Economics Association Meetings, February 1994, p. 8; Lynn A. Karoly, «The Trend in Inequality Among Families, Individuals, and Workers in the United States,» Rand Corporation, 1992, pp. 44, 66, A16, 221; Lawrence Mishel and Ja-red Bernstein, The State of Working America 1992-1993 (Washington, D. C.: Economic Policy Institute/M. E. Sharpe, 1993), p. 14; «Male Educated in a Pay Bind,» New York Times, February 11, 1994, p. Dl; Richard D. Reeves, «Cheer Up, Downsizing Is Good for Some,» International Herald Tribune, December 29, 1994, p. 4.

15. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Income, Poverty, and Valuation of Noncash Benefits: 1993. Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P-60-188 (Washing-