Английский язык для медиков: конспект лекций

7. Who were the pioneers of immunization and acupuncture?

8. Who was the early leader in Greek medicine?

9. When appeared the first hospitals?

10. What Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch discovered?

Make the sentences of your own using the new words (10 sentences).

Find the definite and indefinite articles in the text.

Find one word, which is a little bit different in meaning from others (найдите одно слово, которое немного отличается от других по смыслу):

1) a) medicine; b) theatre; c) doctor;

2) a) patient; b) lamp; c) pain;

3) a) dance; b) science; c) studying;

4) a) mushroom; b) human; c) man;

5) a) century; b) age; c) honey.

ЛЕКЦИЯ № 1. Cell

The cell is a smallest independent unit in the body containing all the essential properties of life. types of human cells can be grown in test tubes after beeing taken from the body. Cells which are functionally organized are often grouped together and operate in concert as a tissue, such as muscle tissue or nervous tissue. Various tissues may be arranged together to form a unit called organ as the kidney, liver, heart or lungs. Organs often function in groups called organ systems. Thus the esophagus, stomach, раnсreаs, liver and intestines constitute the digestive system.

Cells are characterized Ьуг high degree of complexity and order in both structure and function. The cell contains a number.

Of structures called cell organelles. These are responsible for carrying out the specialized biochemical reactions characterizing each. The many chemical reactions taking place in a cell require the establishment of varied chemical microenvironment.

Carefully controlled transport mechanisms along with highly effective barriers – the cell membranes – ensure that chemicals are present in the proper region of the call in appropriate concentration.

The cell membranes of a mixture of protein and lipid form its surroundings.

Membranes are an essential component of almost all cells organel-les. The membrane allows only certain molecules to pass through it.

The most visible and essential organelle in a cell is the nucleus, containing genetic material and regulating the activities of the entire cell.

The area outside of the molecules is called the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm contains a variety of organelles that have different functions.

New words

cell – клетка

independent – независимый

unit – единица

body – тело

all – все

life – жизнь

human – человеческий

together – вместе

tissue – ткань

organ systems – системы органов

to function – функционировать

to contain – содержать

membranes – мембраны

protein – протеин

nucleus – ядро

cytoplasm – цитоплазм

different – различный

Спряжение глагола to be в Present Simple.

To be – быть, находиться, являться. После следующих местоимений он меняет свою форму.

Спряжение глагола to be в Present Simple Таблица 1

For example.

1. I am a pupil. I am not a pupil. Am I a pupil?

2. She is a girl. She is not a girl. Is she a girl?

3. You are a good friend. You are not a good friend. Are you a good friend?

Поставьте глагол to be в правильную форму, заполнив пропуски.

1. I… a pupil.

2. My father. not a teacher, he… a scientist.

3.. your sister a teacher?