Английский язык

Wordlist

mankind – человечество

trace – след

to come into use – найти свое применение

Bronze Age – Бронзовый Век

solid – прочный, твердый

hole – отверстие

Answer the questions.

1. What was one of the greatest world's inventions?

2. When was the wheel invented?

3. What was the problem to be solved with the wheels?

4. What was the wheel covered with?

Scientists and Inventors

Text 5

Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton is generally regarded as one of the greatest and most famous scientists in history. Newton was an astronomer, physicist, mathematic and philosopher who is known for theorizing and reporting on gravitational force and three laws of motion.

Isaac Newton discovered that white light is made up of a spectrum of colours, that when blender together produce the white light. He showed by use of a prism that white light can be split into a spectrum of colours and then used a second prism to show this spectrum can then be rejoined to produce white light. Newton also theorized that light was composed of particles but had to associate the property of light with waves in order to explain refraction of light.

Wordlist

to be regarded – считаться, быть известным как…

gravitational force – сила гравитации

colour – цвет

light – свет

property – свойство

wave – волна

Answer the questions:

1. What were the spheres of Isaac Newton's interests?

2. How is white light produced?

3. What was his theory about light waves?

Text 6

Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)

Ernest Rutherford is called the Newton of atomic physics. He was recognized by his fellow scientists as a man of colossal energy and tireless enthusiasm.

Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand. He graduated from New Zealand University and entered Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1919 he was appointed a Professor of experimental physics in the University of Cambridge. E. Rutherford’s early researches concerned electromagnetic waves.

His experiments led him to develop a magnetic detector, which at that time was the best detector of electromagnetic waves. His detector was later used by Marconi, one of the inventors of the radio, in his wellknown investigations. Rutherford’s big triumph began when he turned his attention to radioactivity. His brilliant researches established the existence and nature of radioactive transformations. He also investigated the electrical structure of matter and the nuclear nature of atom. He was one of the founders of the atomic theory of physics and creators of the first atomic model. He stated that the atom consisted of a nucleus around which electrons revolved in orbits.

Wordlist:

recognize – признавать, узнавать

tireless – неустанный

graduate – получать высшее образование

research – исследование

concern – интерес, касаться, интересоваться

detector – детектор, датчик

establish – устанавливать, основывать

matter – вещество, материя

creator – создатель, творец

consist – состоит revolve – вращать, вращаться

Answer the questions:

1. When was Ernest Rutherford born?

2. What was Rutherford’s research concerned with?

3. When did Rutherford’s big triumph begin?

Text 7

Alessandro Volta(1745-1827)