The History of Rome, Book IV

89

III. XII. Prices of Italian Corn

90

III. XI. Reform of the Centuries

91

IV. III. The Commission for Distributing the Domains

92

III. VII. The Romans Maintain A Standing Army in Spain

93

Thus the statement of Appian (Hisp. 78) that six years' service entitled a man to demand his discharge, may perhaps be reconciled with the better known statement of Polybius (vi. 19), respecting which Marquardt (Handbuch, vi. 381) has formed a correct judgment. The time, at which the two alterations were introduced, cannot be determined further, than that the first was probably in existence as early as 603 (Nitzsch, Gracchen, p. 231), and the second certainly as early as the time of Polybius. That Gracchus reduced the number of the legal years of service, seems to follow from Asconius in Cornel, p. 68; comp. Plutarch, Ti. Gracch. 16; Dio, Fr. 83, 7, Bekk.

94

II. I. Right of Appeal; II. VIII. Changes in Procedure

95

III. XII. Moneyed Aristocracy

96

IV. II. Exclusion of the Senators from the Equestrian Centuries

97

III. XI. The Censorship A Prop of the Nobility

98

III. XI. Patricio-Plebeian Nobility, III. XI. Family Government

99

IV. I. Western Asia

100

That he, and not Tiberius, was the author of this law, now appears from Fronto in the letters to Verus, init. Comp. Gracchus ap. Gell. xi. 10; Cic. de. Rep. iii. 29, and Verr. iii. 6, 12; Vellei. ii. 6.

101

IV. III. Modifications of the Penal Law

102

We still possess a great portion of the new judicial ordinance— primarily occasioned by this alteration in the personnel of the judges— for the standing commission regarding extortion; it is known under the name of the Servilian, or rather Acilian, law -de repetundis-.

103

This and the law -ne quis iudicio circumveniatur- may have been identical.

104

A considerable fragment of a speech of Gracchus, still extant, relates to this trafficking about the possession of Phrygia, which after the annexation of the kingdom of Attalus was offered for sale by Manius Aquillius to the kings of Bithynia and of Pontus, and was bought by the latter as the highest bidder.(p. 280) In this speech he observes that no senator troubled himself about public affairs for nothing, and adds that with reference to the law under discussion (as to the bestowal of Phrygia on king Mithradates) the senate was divisible into three classes, viz. Those who were in favour of it, those who were against it, and those who were silent: that the first were bribed by kingMithra dates, the second by king Nicomedes, while the third were the most cunning, for they accepted money from the envoys of both kings and made each party believe that they were silent in its interest.

105

IV. III. Democratic Agitation under Carbo and Flaccus

106

IV. II. Tribunate of Gracchus

107

II. II. Legislation

108

II. III. Political Abolition of the Patriciate

109

IV. III. Democratic Agitation under Carbo and Flaccus

110

IV. II. Tribunate of Gracchus

111

It is in great part still extant and known under the erroneous name, which has now been handed down for three hundred years, of the Thorian agrarian law.

112

II. VII. Attempts at Peace

113

II. VII. Attempts at Peace