I, Robot

Gloria, of course, was not one to wander aimlessly, however. For her age, she was an unusually determined and purposeful girl, quite full of the maternal genes in that respect. She had seen a huge sign on the third floor, which had said, ‘This Way to the Talking Robot.’ Having spelled it out to herself and having noticed that her parents did not seem to wish to move in the proper direction, she did the obvious thing. Waiting for an opportune moment of parental distraction, she calmly disengaged herself and followed the sign.

The Talking Robot was a tour de force, a thoroughly impractical device, possessing publicity value only. Once an hour, an escorted group stood before it and asked questions of the robot engineer in charge in careful whispers. Those the engineer decided were suitable for the robot’s circuits were transmitted to the Talking Robot.

It was rather dull. It may be nice to know that the square of fourteen is 196, that the temperature at the moment is seventy-two degrees Fahrenheit, and the air-pressure 30.02 inches of mercury, that the atomic weight of sodium is twenty-three, but one doesn’t really need a robot for that. One especially does not need an unwieldy, totally immobile mass of wires and coils spreading over twenty-five square yards.

Few people bothered to return for a second helping, but one girl in her middle teens sat quietly on a bench waiting for a third. She was the only one in the room when Gloria entered.

Gloria did not look at her. To her at the moment, another human being was but an inconsiderable item. She saved her attention for this large thing with the wheels. For a moment, she hesitated in dismay. It didn’t look like any robot she had ever seen.

Cautiously and doubtfully she raised her treble voice, ‘Please, Mr Robot, sir, are you the Talking Robot, sir?’ She wasn’t sure, but it seemed to her that a robot that actually talked was worth a great deal of politeness.

(The girl in her mid-teens allowed a look of intense concentration to cross her thin, plain face. She whipped out a small notebook and began writing in rapid pot-hooks.)

There was an oily whir of gears and a mechanically-timbered voice boomed out in words that lacked accent and intonation, ‘I – am – the – robot – that – talks.’

Gloria stared at it ruefully. It did talk, but the sound came from inside somewheres. There was no face to talk to. She said, ‘Can you help me, Mr Robot, sir?’

The Talking Robot was designed to answer questions, and only such questions as it could answer had ever been put to it. It was quite confident of its ability, therefore, ‘I – can – help – you.’

‘Thank you, Mr Robot, sir. Have you seen Robbie?’

‘Who – is Robbie?’

‘He’s a robot, Mr Robot, sir.’ She stretched to tip-toes. ‘He’s about so high, Mr Robot, sir, only higher, and he’s very nice. He’s got a head, you know. I mean you haven’t, but he has, Mr Robot, sir.’

The Talking Robot had been left behind, ‘A – robot?’

‘Yes, Mr Robot, sir. A robot just like you, except he can’t talk, of course, and – looks like a real person.’

‘A – robot – like – me?’

‘Yes, Mr Robot, sir.’

To which the Talking Robot’s only response was an erratic splutter and an occasional incoherent sound. The radical generalization offered it, i.e. its existence, not as a particular object, but as a member of a general group, was too much for it. Loyally, it tried to encompass the concept and half a dozen coils burnt out. Little warning signals were buzzing.

(The girl in her mid-teens left at that point. She had enough for her Physics–I paper on ‘Practical Aspects of Robotics’. This paper was Susan Calvin’s first of many on the subject.)

Gloria stood waiting, with carefully concealed impatience, for the machine’s answer when she heard the cry behind her of ‘There she is,’ and recognized that cry as her mother’s.

‘What are you doing here, you bad girl?’ cried Mrs Weston, anxiety dissolving at once into anger. ‘Do you know you frightened your mamma and daddy almost to death? Why did you run away?’

The robot engineer had also dashed in, tearing his hair, and demanding who of the gathering crowd had tampered with the machine. ‘Can’t anybody read signs?’ he yelled. ‘You’re not allowed in here without an attendant.’

Gloria raised her grieved voice over the din, ‘I only came to see the Talking Robot, Mamma. I thought he might know where Robbie was because they’re both robots.’ And then, as the thought of Robbie was suddenly brought forcefully home to her, she burst into a sudden storm of tears, ‘And I got to find Robbie, Mamma. I got to.’

Mrs Weston strangled a cry, and said, ‘Oh, good Heavens. Come home, George. This is more than I can stand.’

That evening, George Weston left for several hours, and the next morning, he approached his wife with something that looked suspiciously like smug complacence.

‘I’ve got an idea, Grace.’

‘About what?’ was the gloomy, uninterested query.

‘About Gloria.’

‘You’re not going to suggest buying back that robot?’

‘No, of course not.’

‘Then go ahead. I might as well listen to you. Nothing I’ve done seems to have done any good.’

‘All right. Here’s what I’ve been thinking. The whole trouble with Gloria is that she thinks of Robbie as a person and not as a machine. Naturally, she can’t forget him. Now if we managed to convince her that Robbie was nothing more than a mess of steel and copper in the form of sheets and wires with electricity its juice of life, how long would her longings last. It’s the psychological attack, if you see my point.’

‘How do you plan to do it?’

‘Simple. Where do you suppose I went last night? I persuaded Robertson of US Robots and Mechanical Men, Inc. to arrange for a complete tour of his premises tomorrow. The three of us will go, and by the time we’re through, Gloria will have it drilled into her that a robot is not alive.’

Mrs Weston’s eyes widened gradually and something glinted in her eyes that was quite like sudden admiration, ‘Why, George, that’s a good idea.’

And George Weston’s vest buttons strained. ‘Only kind I have,’ he said.

Mr Struthers was a conscientious General Manager and naturally inclined to be a bit talkative. The combination, therefore, resulted in a tour that was fully explained, perhaps even over-abundantly explained, at every step. However, Mrs Weston was not bored. Indeed, she stopped him several times and begged him to repeat his statements in simpler language so that Gloria might understand. Under the influence of this appreciation of his narrative powers, Mr Struthers expanded genially and became ever more communicative, if possible.

George Weston, himself, showed a gathering impatience.

‘Pardon me, Struthers,’ he said, breaking into the middle of a lecture on the photo-electric cell, ‘haven’t you a section of the factory where only robot labor is employed?’

‘Eh? Oh, yes! Yes, indeed!’ He smiled at Mrs Weston. ‘A vicious circle in a way, robots creating more robots. Of course, we are not making a general practice out of it. For one thing, the unions would never let us. But we can turn out a very few robots using robot labor exclusively, merely as a sort of scientific experiment. You see,’ he tapped his pince-nez into one palm argumentatively, ‘what the labor unions don’t realize – and I say this as a man who has always been very sympathetic with the labor movement in general – is that the advent of the robot, while involving some dislocation to begin with, will, inevitably—’

‘Yes, Struthers,’ said Weston, ‘but about that section of the factory you speak of – may we see it? It would be very interesting, I’m sure.’

‘Yes! Yes, of course!’ Mr Struthers replaced his pince-nez in one conclusive movement and gave vent to a soft cough of discomfiture. ‘Follow me, please.’

He was comparatively quiet while leading the three through a long corridor and down a flight of stairs. Then, when they had entered a large well-lit room that buzzed with metallic activity, the sluices opened and the flood of explanation poured forth again.

‘There you are!’ he said with pride in his voice. ‘Robots only! Five men act as overseers and they don’t even stay in this room. In five years, that is, since we began this project, not a single accident has occurred. Of course, the robots here assembled are comparatively simple, but …’

The General Manager’s voice had long died to a rather soothing murmur in Gloria’s ears. The whole trip seemed rather dull and pointless to her, though there were many robots in sight. None were even remotely like Robbie, though, and she surveyed them with open contempt.

In this room, there weren’t any people at all, she noticed. Then her eyes fell upon six or seven robots busily engaged at a round table half-way across the room. They widened in incredulous surprise. It was a big room. She couldn’t see for sure, but one of the robots looked like – looked like – it was!

‘Robbie!’ Her shriek pierced the air, and one of the robots about the table faltered and dropped the tool he was holding. Gloria went almost mad with joy. Squeezing through the railing before either parent could stop her, she dropped lightly to the floor a few feet below, and ran toward her Robbie, arms waving and hair flying.

And the three horrified adults, as they stood frozen in their tracks, saw what the excited little girl did not see, – a huge, lumbering tractor bearing blindly down upon its appointed track.

It took split-seconds for Weston to come to his senses, and those split-seconds meant everything, for Gloria could not be overtaken. Although Weston vaulted the railing in a wild attempt, it was obviously hopeless. Mr Struthers signaled wildly to the overseers to stop the tractor, but the overseers were only human and it took time to act.

It was only Robbie that acted immediately and with precision.