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Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 1

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Год написания книги
2018
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624

Even at the time of Fa Hsien's visit to India (c. 400 A.D.) the Vinaya of the Sarvâstivâdin school was preserved orally and not written. See Legge's trans, p. 99.

625

Ang. Nik. IV. 160. 5, Bhikkhû bahussutâ … mâtikâdhârâ monks who carry in memory the indices.

626

Cullavag. XI., XII.

627

Dig. Nik. 1.

628

It is remarkable that this account contemplates five Nikâyas (of which the fifth is believed to be late) but only two Pitakas, the Abhidhamma not being mentioned.

629

It refers to a king Pingalaka, said to have reigned two hundred years after the Buddha's time.

630

Mahâv XI. 3.

631

Mahâv. II. 17.

632

Cullav. IX. 5.

633

The passages are:

634

See J.A. 1916, II. pp. 20,38.

635

For the date see the chapter on Ceylon.

636

S. Lévi gives reasons for thinking that the prohibitions against singing sacred texts (ayataka gîtassara, Cullavag. V. 3) go back to the period when the Vedic accent was a living reality. See J.A. 1915, I. pp. 401 ff.

637

Muséon, 1905, p. 23. Anesaki thinks the text used by Guṇabhadra was in Pali but the Abhayagiri, which had Mahayanist proclivities, may have used Sanskrit texts.

638

Nikâya-Sangrahawa, Fernando, Govt. Record Office, Colombo, 1918.

639

See Mahâyâna-sûtrâlatikâra, xvi. 22 and 75, with Lévi's notes.

640

Cullav. VII. 3.

641

In the first book of the Mahâvagga.

642

Ang. Nik. V. 201 and VI. 40.

643

It may be objected that some Suttas are put into the mouths of the Buddha's disciples and that their words are very like those of the Master. But as a rule they spoke on behalf of him and the object was to make their language as much like his as possible.

644

The Pali anthology known by this name was only one of several called Dhammapada or Udâna which are preserved in the Chinese and Tibetan Canons.

645

The work might also be analyzed as consisting of three old documents (the tract on morality, an account of ancient heresies, and a discourse on spiritual progress) put together with a little connecting matter, and provided with a prologue and epilogue.

646

But in Ceylon there was a decided tendency to rewrite Sinhalese treatises in Pali.

647

Cf. Divyâv. ed. Cowell, p. 37 and Sam. Nik. P.T.S. edition, vol. IV. p. 60.

648

See Takakusu on the Abhidharma literature of the Sarvâstivâdins in the Journ. of the Pali Text Society, 1905, pp. 67-147.

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