The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

[ See, on this subject, Gratiolet, ibid. p. 254.]

1209 (return (#linknoteref_1209))

[ Lieber, 'On the Vocal Sounds of Laura Bridgman,' Smithsonian Contributions, 1851, vol. ii. p. 7.]

1210 (return (#linknoteref_1209))

[ 'Wenderholme,' vol. ii. p. 91.]

1211 (return (#linknoteref_1211))

[ Lieber, 'On the Vocal Sounds,' &c., ibid. p. 7.]

1212 (return (#linknoteref_1212))

[ Huschke, 'Mimices et Physiognomices,' 1821, p. 18. Gratiolet (De la Phys. p. 255) gives a figure of a man in this attitude, which, however, seems to me expressive of fear combined with astonishment. Le Brun also refers (Lavater, vol. ix. p. 299) to the hands of an astonished man being opened.]

1213 (return (#linknoteref_1213))

[ Huschke, ibid. p. 18.]

1214 (return (#linknoteref_1213))

[ 'North American Indians,' 3rd edit. 1842, vol. i. p. 105.]

1215 (return (#linknoteref_1215))

[ H. Wedgwood, Dict. of English Etymology, vol. ii. 1862, p. 35. See, also, Gratiolet ('De la Physionomie,' p. 135) on the sources of such words as 'terror, horror, rigidus, frigidus,' &c.]

1216 (return (#linknoteref_1216))

[ Mr. Bain ('The Emotions and the Will,' 1865, p. 54) explains in the following manner the origin of the custom "of subjecting criminals in India to the ordeal of the morsel of rice. The accused is made to take a mouthful of rice, and after a little time to throw it out. If the morsel is quite dry, the party is believed to be guilty, – his own evil conscience operating to paralyse the salivating organs."]

1217 (return (#linknoteref_1217))

[ Sir C. Bell, Transactions of Royal Phil. Soc. 1822, p. 308. 'Anatomy of Expression,' p. 88 and pp. 164-469.]

1218 (return (#linknoteref_1217))

[ See Moreau on the rolling of the eyes, in the edit. of 1820 of Lavater, tome iv. p. 263. Also, Gratiolet, De la Phys. p. 17.]

1219 (return (#linknoteref_1219))

[ 'Observations on Italy,' 1825, p. 48, as quoted in 'The Anatomy of Expression,' p. 168.]

1220 (return (#linknoteref_1220))

[ Quoted by Dr. Maudsley, 'Body and Mind,' 1870, p. 41.]

1221 (return (#linknoteref_1221))

[ 'Anatomy of Expression,' p. 168.]

1222 (return (#linknoteref_1221))

[ Mecanisme de la Phys. Humaine, Album, Legende xi.]

1223 (return (#linknoteref_1223))

[ Ducheinne takes, in fact, this view (ibid. p. 45), as he attributes the contraction of the platysma to the shivering of fear (frisson de la peur); but he elsewhere compares the action with that which causes the hair of frightened quadrupeds to stand erect; and this can hardly be considered as quite correct.]

1224 (return (#linknoteref_1224))

[ 'De la Physionomie,' pp. 51, 256, 346.]

1225 (return (#linknoteref_1224))

[ As quoted in White's 'Gradation in Man,' p. 57.]

1226 (return (#linknoteref_1226))

[ 'Anatomy of Expression,' p. 169.]

1227 (return (#linknoteref_1226))

[ 'Mecanisme de la Physionomie,' Album, pl. 65, pp. 44, 45.]

1228 (return (#linknoteref_1228))

[ See remarks to this effect by Mr. Wedgwood, in the Introduction to his 'Dictionary of English Etymology,' 2nd edit. 1872, p. xxxvii. He shows by intermediate forms that the sounds here referred to have probably given rise to many words, such as ugly, huge, &c.]

1301 (return (#linknoteref_1301))

[ 'The Physiology or Mechanism of Blushing,' 1839, p. 156. I shall have occasion often to quote this work in the present chapter.]

1302 (return (#linknoteref_1302))

[ Dr. Burgess, ibid. p. 56. At p. 33 he also remarks on women blushing more freely than men, as stated below.]

1303 (return (#linknoteref_1302))

[ Quoted by Vogt, 'Memoire sur les Microcephales,' 1867, p. 20. Dr. Burgess (ibid. p. 56) doubts whether idiots ever blush.]

1304 (return (#linknoteref_1304))

[ Lieber 'On the Vocal Sounds,' &c.; Smithsonian Contributions, 1851, vol. ii. p. 6.]

1305 (return (#linknoteref_1305))