Английский язык. Теория и практика. Употребление времен

She has been playing volleyball since childhood. – Онаиграетвволейболсдетства. Онанастоящийпрофессионал.

I have been washing the car. I need to take a shower. – Ямылмашину. Мне нужно принять душ.

Present Continuous – действие происходит в настоящий момент.

She is playing volleyball. Look – she is wearing black shorts and a white T-shirt. – Онаиграетвволейбол. Посмотри – на ней черные шорты и белая футболка.

I am washing the car. Then I’ll have a shower. – Ямоюмашину. Затемяпримудуш.

Разница между The Present Perfect Continuous и The Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous – акцент на продолжительности действия. Неважно, закончилось действие или нет.

I have been cleaning the kitchen all morning. I am very tired. – Я убирала кухню все утро. Я очень устала.

Mary is very studious. She has been doing homework all evening. – Мэриоченьприлежная. Она делает домашнее задание весь вечер.

Present Perfect – акцент на результате действия. Действие выполнено.

I have cleaned the kitchen. It is as good as new now. – Яубралакухню. Теперь она как новенькая.

She can go out because she has done her homework. – Она может идти гулять, потому что сделала домашнее задание.

Present Perfect Continuous – действие все еще продолжается или только что закончилось. Можно задать вопрос how long?(как долго?).

I have been watching the last season of “Game of Thrones” since yesterday. – Я смотрю последний сезон “Игры престолов” со вчерашнего дня.

They have been hitchhiking for seven years. – Они путешествуют автостопом уже семь лет.

Present Perfect – действие завершено. Можно задать вопросы how much?(сколько?), how many times?(сколько раз?), how often?(как часто?).

I have watched the last episode of “Game of Thrones” three times. – Япосмотрелпоследнююсерию “Игры престолов” три раза.

I have never hitchhiked in my life. – Я никогда в жизни не путешествовал автостопом.

Разница между The Present Perfect Continuous и The Past Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous – действие началось в прошлом и либо все еще продолжается, либо у него есть результат в настоящем.

What have you been doing all day today? – I have been working on a presentation for our next meeting. – Чем ты занимался весь день сегодня? – Я работал над презентацией для нашего следующего собрания.

Past Continuous – действие происходило в определенный момент в прошлом.

What were you doing at 9 p.m. yesterday? – I was working on a presentation for our next meeting. – Что ты делал вчера в 9 часов вечера? – Я работал над презентацией для нашего следующего собрания.

Разница между The Future Perfect Continuous и The Future Perfect Simple

Future Perfect Continuous и Future Perfect Simple похожи, а иногда могут быть взаимозаменяемыми. Например, в случае с глаголами, которые не используются с временами группы Continuous: know, understand и другими. Однако есть между ними одно важное отличие – для Future Perfect Continuous важно подчеркнуть длительность действия, а Future Perfect Simple делает акцент на завершенности действия и его результате.

By the end of the day I will have been reading for eight hours. – Кконцудняябудучитатьнапротяжениивосьмичасов. – Future Perfect Continuous

By the end of the day I will have read 500 pages of the book. – Кконцудняяпрочитаю 500 страницкниги. – Future Perfect Simple

I will have been working on this project for six months by the end of this year. – Кконцугодаябудуработатьнадэтимпроектомуженапротяжениишестимесяцев. – Future Perfect Continuous

I will have finished working on this project by the end of this year. – Кконцугодаязакончуработатьнадэтимпроектом. – Future Perfect Simple

Запомните:

В придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союзов if, when, as soon as, before, till/until, after вместо будущего времени употребляется настоящее время.

Упражнение 41

Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. It (to be) cold in autumn. It often (to rain). A cold wind often (to blow). 3. You (to come) to my place next Sunday? 4. My sister (not to like) coffee. 5. I (not to play) chess tomorrow. 6. The weather (to be) fine today. It (to be) warm, the sun (to shine) brightly. A soft wind (to blow). Small white clouds (to sail) in the sky. 7. You (to read) this book next week? 8. When you (to go) to bed every day? 9. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 10. Don’t go out: it (to rain) heavily. 11. You (to read) books every day? 12. What he (to read) now? 13. He (to play) chess every day. 14. Take your raincoat with you. I am afraid it (to rain) in the evening and you (to get) wet through if you (not to put) it on.

Упражнение 42

Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. You (to read) a book now? 2. What he (to read) every day? 3. He (not to play) chess every day. 4. Every spring birds (to come) to our garden and (to sing) in the trees. 5. I (not to see) him tomorrow. 6. What he (to read) tomorrow? 7. He (to play) chess every day? 8. Listen! Somebody (to sing) in the next room. 9. What you (to do) tomorrow? 10. You (to give) me this book tomorrow? 11. They (to play) chess now. 12. It usually (not to snow) at this time of the year. 13. What your friend (to do) tomorrow? 14. Where she (to be) tomorrow?

Упражнение 43

Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. They (not to play) chess now. 2. What the weather (to be) like now? It (to snow)? – No, it … . 3. Where you (to go) next summer? 4. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 5. They (to play) chess now? 6. We (to go) out of town to ski on Sunday? – Yes, we … if it (to snow) this week and if there (to be) a lot of snow everywhere. 7. Where you (to go) every morning? 8. She (to go) to the country with us tomorrow? 9. Nick (to walk) in the park now. 10. What you (to do) tomorrow? – We (to go) out of town if the weather (not to change) for the worse. You (to come) with us? – With pleasure, if only I (not to have) too much work to do at home. 11. Where you (to go) now? 12. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 13. Nick (to go) to school every day. 14. If we (to have) TV sets at our supermarket, they (to inform) customers about things in the store.

Упражнение 44

Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. Look! Mary (to dance). 2. What you (to do) now? I (to see) that you (not to read). 3. Nick (to go) to school tomorrow. 4. If we (to play) music, it (to produce) the right atmosphere. 5. She (to dance) every day. 6. When you (to finish) your homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to go to bed. 7. I (to miss) your excellent cooking! 8. If we (to put) in cameras, they (to stop) people stealing things. 9. She (to dance) tomorrow? 10. How you usually (to spend) evenings? 11. You ever (to buy) presents? 12. If we (to employ) more assistants, they (to help) our customers. 13. He (to go) to the theatre tomorrow. 14. What you (to do) in the country next summer?

Упражнение 45

Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. You (to think) it (to be) easy or difficult to choose the right presents for people? 2. We (to go) to school in the morning. 3. They (not to drink) tea now. I (to think) they (to watch) TV. 4. What present your mother (to receive) for her next birthday? 5. Look! Kate (to go) to school. 6. What your father (to drink) in the evening? 7. You (to help) your mother tomorrow? 8. When you (to get) up every day? – I (to get) up at seven o’clock. 9. I (not to play) the guitar now. 10. My brother usually (not to get) up at seven o’clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o’clock, but tomorrow he (to get) up at seven o’clock. 11. My brother (to play) the guitar every evening. 12. Why she (to come) home so late tomorrow? 13. They (not to take) care of the garden next summer. 14. We (to go) to the country the day after tomorrow.

Упражнение 46

Раскройтескобки, употребляяглаголыв Present Continuous, Present Simple или Future Simple.

1. You (to like) apples? 2. Our friends always (to go) to the country for the weekend. 3. You (to eat) apples tomorrow? 4. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 5. Nick (to read) a lot of books. 6. Your parents (to watch) TV now? 7. Mother (to work) every day. 8. My sister (not to rest) now. She (to help) mother in the kitchen. She (to help) mother in the kitchen every day. 9. He (not to sleep) now. 10. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 11. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 12. I (not to learn) the poem now. 13. She (to live) in San Francisco. 14. My father (to shoot) very well. 15. He is very strong. Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box.

Упражнение 47