Studies in the Theory of Descent, Volume II

[The Aphaniptera are now recognized in this country as a sub-order of Diptera. See, for instance, Huxley’s “Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals,” p. 425, and Pascoe’s “Zoological Classification,” 2nd ed. p. 122. R.M.]

41

[This illustration of course only applies to the old arrangement of the Hymenoptera into Terebrantia and Aculeata. See also note 201 (#cn_30), p. 488 (#Page_488). R.M.]

42

[Eng. ed. This law is perhaps a little too restricted, inasmuch as it is theoretically conceivable that the organism may be able to adapt itself to similar conditions of life in different ways; differences of form could thus depend sometimes upon differences of adaptation and not upon differences in the conditions of life, or, as I have formerly expressed it, it is not necessary to allow always only one best mode of adaptation.]

43

[It must be understood that the word rendered here and elsewhere throughout this work as “transformation” is not to be taken in the narrow sense of metamorphosis, but as having the much broader meaning of a change of any kind incurred by an organism. Metamorphosis is in fact but one phase of transformation. R.M.]

44

By the Editor.

45

Mr. C. V. Riley in his excellent “Annual Reports” already quoted in previous notes, states that the larvæ of Agrotis Inermis, Leucania Unipuncta (Army-worm), and L. Albilinea are all loopers when newly hatched. (See First Report, p. 73; Eighth Report, p. 184; and Ninth Report, p. 53.)

46

The following species not referred to in the previous part of this work are figured by Semper (Beit. zur Entwicklungsgeschichte einiger ostasiat. Schmet.; Verhandl. d. k.k. zoo. bot. Gesell. in Wien, 1867): —Panacra Scapularis, Walk.; Chærocampa Clotho, Drury; and Diludia (Macrosila) Discistriga, Walk. The following are figured by Boisduval and Guenée. (Spéc. Gén. 1874): —Smerinthus Ophthalmicus, Boisd.; Sphinx Jasminearum, Boisd.; S. (Hyloicus) Plebeia, Fabr.; S. (Hyloicus) Cupressi, Boisd.; S. (Pseudosphinx) Catalpæ, Boisd.; Philampelus Jussiuæ, Hübn. (= Sphinx Vitis, Linn.?); and Ceratomia Amyntor, Hübn. As the works of Abbot and Smith, and Horsfield and Moore have been exhausted by Dr. Weismann, it is quite unnecessary to extend this note by giving a list of the species figured by these authors.

47

The same inference has already been drawn with respect to Pterogon (Proserpinus) Œnotheræ, see pp. 257, 258.

48

This would of course be the fourth segment if the head be considered the first, as on the Continent.

49

“Second Annual Report,” 1870, p. 78.

50

“Entomologist,” vol. xiv. p. 7.

51

With reference to the habits of C. Capensis (p. 531 (#Page_531)), I have since been informed by Mr. Trimen that this species does not conceal itself by day, so that the dimorphism may be regarded as a character retained from an earlier period and adapted to the present life conditions.

52

“Kosmos,” Dec. 1877, p. 218. The paper is here introduced chiefly with a view to illustrate an important case of incongruence among Lepidopterous pupæ.

53

[Maracujá, the local name for the Passiflora. R.M.]

54

See p. 448 (#Page_448).

55

Verhandl. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Gesellschaft. Einsiedeln, 1868.

56

[Eng. ed. In 1878 Señor José M. Velasco published a paper entitled “Description, metamorfosis. y costumbres de una especie nueva del genero Siredon.” Memor. Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, December 26th. See Addendum to this essay.]

57

Dana and Silliman’s Amer. Journ., 3rd series, i. p. 89. Annals Nat. Hist. vii. p. 246.

58

Proc. Zoo. Soc. 1870, p. 160.

59

Compt. Rend., vol. lx. p. 765 (1865).

60

Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Histoire Nat. Paris, 1866, vol. ii. p. 268.

61

Proc. Boston Soc., vol. xii. p. 97; Silliman’s Amer. Journ., vol. xlvi. p. 364; reference given in “Troschel’s Jahresbericht” for 1868, p. 37.

62

Proc. Boston Soc., vol. xii. p. 97; Silliman’s Amer. Journ., vol. xlvi. p. 364. I have not been able to get a copy of this paper, and quote from a reference in “Troschel’s Jahresbericht.” See preceding note.

63

Dana and Silliman’s Amer. Journ. See note 3.

64

Proc. Acad. Philadelph. xix. 1867, pp. 166–209.

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