Island Life; Or, The Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras

1. Polyommatus dispar. "The large copper." This fine insect, once common in the fens, but now extinct owing to extensive drainage, is generally admitted to be peculiar to our island, at all events as a variety or local form. Its continental ally differs constantly in being smaller and in having smaller spots; but the difference, though constant, is so slight that it is now classed as a variety under the name of rutilus. Our insect may therefore be stated to be a well-marked local form of a continental species.

2. Lycæna astrarche, var. artaxerxes. This very distinct form is confined to Scotland and the north of England. The species of which it is considered a variety (more generally known to English entomologists as P. agestis) is found in the southern half of England, and almost everywhere on the continent.

Bombyces

3. Lithosia complana, var. sericea. North of England (1861).

4. Hepialus humuli, var. hethlandica. Shetland Islands (1865). A remarkable form, in which the male is usually yellow and buff instead of pure white, as in the common form, but exceedingly variable in tint and markings.

5. Epichnopteryx reticella. Sheerness, Gravesend, and other localities along the Thames (1847); Hayling Island, Sussex.

6. E. pulla, var. radiella. Near London, rare (1830?); the species in Central and Southern Europe. (Doubtfully peculiar in Mr. Stainton's opinion.)

Noctuæ

7. Acronycta euphorbiæ, var. myricæ. Scotland only (1852). A melanic form of a continental species.

8. Agrotis subrosea. Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire fens, perhaps extinct (1835). The var.subcærulea is found in Finland and Livonia.

9. Agrotis candelarum var. ashworthii. South and West (1855). Distinct and not uncommon.

10. Luperina luteago, var. barretti. Ireland (1864).

11. Aporophyla australis, var. pascuea. South of England (1830). A variety of a species otherwise confined to South Europe.

12. Hydræcia nictitans, var. paludris.

Geometræ

13. Boarmia gemmaria, var. perfumaria. Near London and elsewhere. A large dark variety of a common species.

14. *B. repandata, var. sodorensium. Outer Hebrides.

15. *Emmelesia albulata, var. hebridium. Outer Hebrides.

16. *E. albulata, var. thules. Shetland Islands.

17. *Melanippe montanata, var. shetlandica. Shetland Islands.

18. *M. sociata, var. obscurata. Outer Hebrides. A dark form.

19. Cidaria albulata, var. griseata. East of England (1835). A variety of a species otherwise confined to Central and Southern Europe.

20. Eupithecia constrictata.. Widely spread, but local (1835). Larva on thyme.

21. *E. satyrata, var. curzoni. N. Scotland.

22. *E. nanata var. curzoni. Shetland Islands.

Pyralidina

23. Aglossa pinguinalis, var. streatfieldi. Mendip Hills (1830). A remarkable variety of the common "tabby."

24. *Scoparia cembræ, var. scotica. Scotland (1872).

25. *Myelois ceratoniæ, var. pryerella. North London (1871).

26. *Howœosoma nimbella, var. saxicola. England, Scotland, Isle of Man (1871).

27. *Epischnia bankesiella. Isle of Portland (1888).

Tortricina

28. Aphelia nigrovittana. Scotland (1852). A local form of the generally distributed A. lanceolana.

29. Grapholita parvulana. Isle of Wight (1858). Rare. A distinct species.

30. Conchylis erigerana. South-east of England (1866).

31. *Brachytænia woodiana. Herefordshire (1882).

32. *Eupœcilia angustana, var. thuleana. Shetland Islands.

33. *Tortrix donelana. Connemara, Ireland (1890).

Tineina

34. Tinea cochylidella. Sanderstead, near Croydon (1854). Unique!

35. Acrolepia betulætella. Yorkshire and Durham (1840). Rare.

36. Argyresthia semifusca. North and West of England (1829). Rather scarce. A distinct species.

37. Gelechia divisella. A fen insect (1856). Rare.

38. G. celerella. West of England (1854). A doubtful species.

39. *G. tetragonella. Yorkshire. Norfolk. Salt marshes.

40. *G. sparsiciliella. Pembroke.

41. *G. plantaginella. A salt-marsh species.

42. G. Ocellatella (Barrett nec Stainton). Bred from Beta maritima. Very distinct.

43. Bryotropha politella. Moors of North of England. Norfolk (1854).

44. *B. portlandicella. Isle of Portland (1890).