Surnames as a Science

Ans, High Germ, form of A.S. os, "semi-deus."

(Hard, fortis), O.G. Ansard – Eng. Hansard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Ansher – Eng. Anser. (Helm), O.G. Anshelm – Eng. Anselme, Hansom.

Ark, Arch (see page 16 (#Page_16))

(Bald, bold), Eng. Archbold. (Bud, envoy), O.G. Argebud – Eng. Archbutt. (Hard, fortis), O.G. Archard – Eng. Archard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Erchear – Archere, Roll of Battle Abbey– Eng. Archer. (Rat, counsel), O.G. Archarat – Eng. Arkwright(?). (Mund, protection), O.G. Argemund – Eng. Argument.

Aud, Aut, High Germ. form of A.S. ead, "prosperity."

(Hari, warrior), O.G. Authar – Eng. Auther. (Ric, rule), O.G. Audricus – Eng. Auterac. (Ram, raven), O.G. Audram – Eng. Autram, Outram.

All (see page 16 (#Page_16))

(Frid, peace), O.G. Alufrid – Eng. Allfrey. (Gar, spear), A.S. Algar – Eng. Alger. (Hard, fortis), A.S. Ealhard – Eng. Allard. (Mar, famous), O.G. Alamar – Eng. Almar. (Mund, protection), A.S. Ealmund – O.G. Alamunt – Eng. Almond, Alment. (Noth, bold), A.S. Ælnoth – Eng. Allnut. (Ward), O.G. Aloard – A.S. Alwerd – Eng. Allward. (Wid, wood), O.G. Aluid – Eng. Allwood. (Wig, wi, war), A.S. Alewih – Eng. Allaway.[11 - Probably also A.S. Haluiu – Eng. Halloway.] (Wine, friend), O.G. Allowin – Eng. Alwin.

Al, el, probably "foreigner."

(Bod, envoy), O.G. Ellebod – Eng. Albutt. (Gaud, Goth), O.G. Eligaud – Eng. Allgood, Elgood. (Gar, spear), O.G. Elger – Eng. Elgar. (Hard, fortis), O.G. Eleard – Eng. Ellard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Elier – Eng. Ellery. (Mar, famous), O.G. Alimer – Eng. Elmore. (Mund, protection), Elmund, Domesday– Eng. Element. (Wine, friend), Elwin, Lib. Vit.– Eng. Elwin. (Wood), Elwod, Lib. Vit.– Eng. Elwood. (Gern, eager), O.G. Aligern – Eng. Hallgreen.

Ad, at (Gothic, atta), "father."

(Gis, hostage), O.G. Atgis – Eng. Atkiss. (Gaud, Goth), O.G. Adogoto – Eng. Addicott. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Adohar – Eng. Adier. (Mar, famous), O.G. Adamar – Eng. Atmore. (Ric, rule), A.S. Ætheric – Eng. Attridge. (Rid, ride), O.G. Atharid – Eng. Attride. (Wulf), A.S. Athulf – Eng. Adolph.

An, han (O.H.G. ano), "ancestor."

(Fred, peace), O.G. Enfrid – Eng. Henfrey. (Gar, spear), O.G. Anager, Eneger – Eng. Hanger, Henniker. (Man, vir), O.G. Enman – Eng. Hanman, Henman. (Rad, counsel), O.G. Henred – Eng. Hanrot. (Wald, rule), O.G. Anawalt – Eng. Anhault.

Arm, of uncertain meaning

(Gar, spear), O.G. Ermgar – Eng. Armiger. (Gild, value?) O.G. Ermegild – Eng. Armgold. (Had, war), O.G. Ermhad – Eng. Armat. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Ermhar – Eng. Armour, Armory. (Rad, counsel), O.G. Ermerad – Eng. Ormerod.

Armin, of uncertain meaning

(Gar, spear), O.G. Irminger – Eng. Irminger, Arminger (Hari, warrior), O.G. Irminhar – Eng. Arminer.

Arn, ern (A.S. earn), "eagle."

(Hari, warrior), O.G. Arnheri – Eng. Harnor. (Helm), O.G. Arnhalm – Eng. Arnum. (Wald, rule), O.G. Arnoald – Eng. Arnold. (Wulf), O.G. Arnulf – Eng. Arnulfe.

Ask, ash, perhaps in the sense of "spear."

(Bert, famous), A.S. Æscbyrht– Eng. Ashpart. (Hari, warrior), A.S. Æschere – Eng. Asher. (Bald, fortis), Eng. Ashbold. (Man, vir), A.S. Æscmann – Aschmann, Hund. Rolls– Eng. Ashman. (Mar, famous), A.S. Æscmer – Eng. Ashmore. (Wid, wood), O.G. Asquid – Ascuit, Domesday– Eng. Asquith, Ashwith. (Wine, friend), A.S. Æscwine – Eng. Ashwin. (Wulf), O.G. Ascolf – Eng. Ascough.

A.S. beado, "war."

(Hari, warrior), O.G. Bathari – Eng. Badder, Bather. (Hard, fortis), A.S. Badherd – Beadheard, Lib. Vit.– Eng. Beddard. (Man, vir), Badumon, Lib. Vit.– Eng. Badman. (Ric, rule), O.G. Betterich – A.S. Bædric – Eng. Betteridge. (Ulf, wolf), O.G. Badulf – Eng. Biddulph.

Bald, "fortis."

(Hari, warrior), A.S. Baldhere – Eng. Balder, Boldery. (Ric, rule), O.G. Baldric, Baldrih – Eng. Baldridge, Baldry. (Wine, friend), A.S. Baldwine – Eng. Baldwin.

A.S. band, bend, "crown, chaplet."

(Hard, fortis), O.G. Pantard – Eng. Pindard. (Hari, warrior), A.S. Pender – Eng. Pender. (Rad, counsel), O.G. Bandrad – Eng. Banderet, Pendered.

A.S. ben, "wound."

(Gar, spear), O.G. Benegar – Eng. Benger. (Gaud, Goth), O.G. Benegaud – Eng. Pennycad. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Beniher – Eng. Benner. (Man, vir), Eng. Beneman, A.D. 1535, Penman. (Nid, strife), O.G. Bennid – Eng. Bennet.

A.S. bera, "bear."

(Gar, spear), O.G. Bereger[12 - Here probably the name Biracrus, on Roman pottery, corresponding with an O.G. form, Berecar.]– Eng. Berger. (Grim, fierce), O.G. Peragrim – Eng. Paragreen. (Hard, fortis), O.G. Berhard – Eng. Barehard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Beriher – Eng. Berrier. (Helm), O.G. Perrhelm – Eng. Perriam. (Land, terra), O.G. Perelant – Eng. Purland. (Man, vir), O.G. Berman – Eng. Burman, Perman. (Mar, famous), O.G. Bermar – Eng. Barmore, Paramore. (Rat, counsel), O.G. Perratt – Eng. Perrott. (Dio, servant), O.G. Peradeo – Eng. Purdue. (Ward), O.G. Beroward – Eng. Berward. (Wise, sapiens), O.G. Berois (=Berwis) – Eng. Barwise.

Berin, bern, "bear."

(Gar, spear), O.G. Beringar – Eng. Berringer. (Hard, fortis), O.G. Berinhard – Eng. Bernard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Bernher, Pernher – Eng. Berner, Pirner. (Wald, rule), O.G. Berneold – Eng. Bernold. (Kel, for Ketil), O.N. Biornkel – Eng. Barnacle.

Bil, supposed to mean "mildness, gentleness."

(Frid, peace), O.G. Bilfrid – Eng. Belfry. (Grim, fierce), O.G. Biligrim, Pilgrim – Eng. Pilgrim. (Mar, famous), O.G. Belemar – Eng. Billamore, Belmore. (Gard, protection), O.G. Biligard – Eng. Billiard. (Mund, protection), O.G. Pilimunt – Eng. Belment. (Wald, rule), Biliald, Lib. Vit.– Eng. Billyald.

Bert, "bright, illustrious."

(Ram, raven), O.G. Bertram – Eng. Bertram. (Land, terra), O.G. Bertland – Eng. Brightland. (Mar, famous), A.S. Brihtmar – Eng. Brightmore. (Rand, shield), O.G. Bertrand – Eng. Bertrand. (Ric, rule), O.G. Perhtric – A.S. Brihtric – Partriche, Hund. Rolls– Eng. Partrick, Partridge. (Wine, friend), A.S. Brihtwine – Eng. Brightwine.

Black, blake, signifying "brightness."

(Hari, warrior), O.G. Blicher – Eng. Blacker, Blaker. (Man), A.S. Blæcman (genealogy of the kings of Northumbria), Blacman (Moneyer at Norwich) – Blaecmon, Lib. Vit.– Blacheman, Domesday– Eng. Blackman, Blakeman. (Wine, friend), Eng. Blackwin.

Bod, bud, "envoy."

(Gar, spear), O.G. Baudochar – Eng. Bodicker. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Botthar – Boterus, Domesday– Eng. Butter, Buttery. (Gis, hostage), O.G. Boutgis, Boggis – Eng. Boggis. (Mar, famous), O.G. Baudomir – Eng. Bodmer. (Ric, rule), O.G. Buttericus, Bauderich – Eng. Butterick, Buddrich. (Rid, rit, "ride"), O.G. Bodirid, Buotrit – Eng. Botright.

Boll, bull (prob. M.H.G. buole), "friend."

(Gar, spear), O.G. Pulgar – Eng. Bulger. (Hard), Pollardus, Domesday – Eng. Bullard, Pollard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Bolheri – Eng. Buller. (Mar, famous), A.S. Bulemær – Eng. Bulmer.

Burg, signifying "protection."

(Hard), A.S. Burghard – Eng. Burchard. (Hari, warrior), O.G. Burghar – Eng. Burger. (Wald, rule), O.G. Burgoald – Eng. Purgold. (Wine, friend), Eng. Burgwin.

Ball, bale, signifying "bale, woe."

(Frid, peace), O.G. Palfrid – Eng. Palfrey. (Mar, famous), O.G. Ballomar, Belimar – Eng. Balmer, Bellmore.

Coll, signifying "helmet."

(Brand, sword), A.S. Colbrand – Eng. Colbran. (Biorn, bear), O.N. Kolbiorn – Eng. Colburn. (Man, vir), A.S. Colman – Eng. Colman. (Mar, famous), A.S. Colomôr – Eng. Collamore. (Hard), A.S. Ceolheard – Eng. Collard.