The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 09 of 12)

557

Varro, De lingua latina, vi. 45 ed. C. O. Müller; Festus, s. v. “Mamuri Veturi,” p. 131 ed. C. O. Müller; Ovid, Fasti, iii. 389 sqq.; Plutarch, Numa, 13.

558

Servius, on Virgil, Aen. vii. 188, “Cui [scil. Mamurio] et diem consecrarunt, quo pellem virgis feriunt”; Minucius Felix, Octavius, 24, “Nudi cruda hieme discurrunt, alii incedunt pilleati, scuta vetera circumferunt, pelles caedunt.” Neither Servius nor Minucius Felix expressly mentions the Salii, but the description given by the latter writer (“pilleati, scuta vetera circumferunt”) proves that he alludes to them. The expression of Minucius Felix pelles caedunt is conclusive in favour of pellem in the passage of Servius, where some would wrongly substitute peltam, the reading of a single MS. That the beating of the skin-clad representative of Mamurius was done by the Salii was long ago rightly pointed out by Dr. W. H. Roscher (Apollon und Mars, p. 49).

559

Varro, De lingua latina, v. 85, “Saliia salitando, quod facere in comitio in sacris quotannis et solent et debent.” Compare Ovid, Fasti, iii. 387, “Iam dederat Saliis a saltu nomina dicta”; Plutarch, Numa, 13; Dionysius Halicarnasensis, Antiquitates Romanae, ii. 70.

560

J. Marquardt, Römische Staatsverwaltung, iii.

(Leipsic, 1885) p. 431; G. Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Römer

(Munich, 1912), p. 144; W. Warde Fowler, The Religious Experience of the Roman People (London, 1911), pp. 96 sq.

561

Festus, ed. C. O. Müller, p. 325, “Qui deus in saliaribus Saturnus nominatur, videlicet a sationibus.” In this passage Ritschl reads Saeturnus for Saturnus. The best MSS. of the epitome read Sateurnus. See J. Wordsworth, Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin (Oxford, 1884), p. 405. As to Saturn in this capacity see below, p. 306.

562

Columella, De re rustica, ii. 9. 6 sq.

563

The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, i. 137 sqq.

564

J. Marquardt, Römische Staatsverwaltung, iii.

(Leipsic, 1885) pp. 427 sq.

565

L. Preller, Römische Mythologie

(Berlin, 1881-1883), i. 359. As to the lunar year of the old Roman Calendar see L. Ideler, Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie (Berlin, 1825-1826), ii. 38 sqq.

566

As to their number and badge see Aulus Gellius, vi. (vii., ed. M. Hertz) 7. 8; as to their function see Varro, De lingua latina, v. 85, “Fratres Arvales dicti sunt, qui sacra publica faciunt propterea ut fruges ferant arva, a ferendo et arvis fratres arvales dicti.”

567

Livy, i. 20. 4; Plutarch, Numa, 13; Dionysius Halicarnasensis, Antiquitates Romanae, ii. 70. Livy only mentions the shields. From an ancient relief we learn that the staves of the Salii terminated in a knob at each end. Hence we may correct the statement of Dionysius, who describes the weapon doubtfully as λόγχην ἣ ῥάβδον ἤ τι τοιοῦθ ἕτερον. See J. Marquardt, Römische Staatsverwaltung, iii.

432, note 6.

568

See above, pp. 113 (#x_12_i9), 116 (#x_12_i13), 117 (#x_12_i15), 132 (#x_13_i17), 139 (#x_13_i27), 141 (#x_13_i31), 147 (#x_14_i7), 158 (#x_14_i21), 159 (#x_14_i23), 161 (#x_14_i28), 163 (#x_15_i3), 165 (#x_15_i7), 166 (#x_15_i9), 186 (#x_17_i34), 191 (#x_17_i61), 196 (#x_17_i69), 200 (#x_18_i5), 204 (#x_18_i11), 214 (#x_18_i25).

569

Livy, i. 20. 4; J. Marquardt, op. cit. iii.

432 sq.; W. Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third Edition (London, 1891), vol. ii. p. 590, s. v. “Salii.”

570

See above, pp. 111 (#x_12_i7)sqq.

571

See above, p. 138 (#x_13_i27).

572

Labat, Voyage du Chevalier Des Marchais en Guinée, Isles voisines, et à Cayenne (Amsterdam, 1731), ii. 80 (p. 99 of the Paris edition).

573

Olivier de Sanderval, De l'Atlantique au Niger par le Foutah-Djallon (Paris, 1883), p. 230. The phrase which I have translated “for exorcising the spirits” is “pour conjurer les esprits.”

574

Ludovico di Varthema, Travels in Egypt, Syria, etc., translated by J. W. Jones (Hakluyt Society, London, 1863), pp. 166 sq.

575

Spirits of the Corn and of the Wild, i. 95, 186 sq.

576

Spirits of the Corn and of the Wild, i. 111 sq.

577

Annales de la Propagation de la Foi, liii. (1881) p. 178.

578

C. Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico (London, 1903), i. 330 sq.