Кельтские сумерки. Уровень 1 / The Celtic Twilight

Кельтские сумерки. Уровень 1 / The Celtic Twilight
William Butler Yeats

Легко читаем по-английски
Интересуетесь культурой Ирландии? Хотите побольше узнать про келпи и лепреконов? Тогда «Кельтские сумерки» созданы для вас! Это сборник историй, записанных У. Б. Йейтсом, ирландским поэтом. Он мечтал возродить и сохранить богатую культуру Ирландии и для этого записывал те кусочки фольклора, которые ему рассказывали местные жители. Мы незначительно сократили и облегчили текст для простоты чтения.

Текст адаптирован для начинающих изучение английского языка (уровень 1 – Elementary). Книга содержит словарь, упражнения и комментарии. Автор адаптации – опытный автор учебных пособий и педагог Марина Максимовна Кузнецова.

Уильям Батлер Йейтс

Кельтские сумерки. Уровень 1 / The Celtic Twilight

Адаптация текста и словарь М. Кузнецовой

Дизайн обложки Анастасии Орловой

© Кузнецова М. М., адаптация, словарь, 2023

© ООО «Издательство АСТ», 2023

* * *

THE HOSTING OF THE SIDHE[1 - sidhe – феи, волшебный народ Ирландии в гэльском фольклоре]

The host is riding from Knocknarea[2 - Knocknarea – большой холм к западу от города Слайго в графстве Слайго, Ирландия],
And over the grave of Clooth-na-bare[3 - Clooth-na-bare – фея, которая искала смерти в самом глубоком озере в мире, которое она нашла в Слайго;];
Caolte[4 - Caolte – в написании Йейтса, Кейл мак Ронайн, воин и член племени фианна в фенианском цикле ирландской мифологии.] tossing his burning hair,
And Niamh[5 - Niamh – Ниав, В ирландской мифологии – дочь богов моря Мананнана мак Лира и одна из королев Тир-на-Ног, страны вечной молодости.] calling, “Away, come away;
Empty your heart of its mortal dream.
The winds awaken, the leaves spin around,
Our cheeks are pale, our hair is unbound[6 - hair is unbound – волосы распущены],
Our chests are moving, our eyes are shining,
Our arms are waving, our lips are apart,
And if anyone looks at our rushing band,
We come between him and the deed[7 - deed – дело, поступок, свершение] of his hand,
We come between him and the hope of his heart.”
The host is rushing between night and day;
And where is there hope or deed as fair?
Caolte tossing his burning hair,
And Niamh calling, “Away, come away.”

THIS BOOK

Time drops in decay
Like a candle burnt out.
And the mountains and woods
Have their day, have their day;
But, kindly old rout
Of the fire-born moods,
You pass not away.

I wanted to create a small world from the beautiful and meaningful things in this imperfect[8 - imperfect – несовершенный] world, and to show a little piece of Ireland to my own people. I have written down what I have heard and seen. I haven’t separated my beliefs from those of the common people. I have let my characters, including ghosts and fairies, go their own way. The things a person experiences are life’s memories, and anyone can interpret[9 - interpret – толковать, объяснять, интерпретировать] them as they please. I have also interpreted them in my own way, but I will be happy as long as my interpretation suits me.

    1893.
    W. B. YEATS.

A TELLER OF TALES

Paddy Flynn told me many of the tales in this book. He lived in a small and leaky[10 - leaky – дырявый, протекающий] cabin in Ballisodare[11 - Ballisodare – Баллисадэр, деревня в Ирландии в графстве Слайго] village. He described it as the most peaceful place in County Sligo. This place is filled with fairies. The first time I saw him, he was cooking mushrooms. The next time, he was sleeping under a hedge[12 - hedge – изгородь] with a smile on his face. He was always happy. But I could sense a hint of sadness in his eyes.

And yet there was much in his life to depress[13 - to depress – огорчать] him, for his age, eccentricity, and deafness, and the children were constantly bothering him. Probably that’s why he always advised to be happy and hope for the best.

I wrote down Paddy Flynn’s stories and words in my notebook after meeting him. I feel sad looking at the empty pages at the end that will never be filled. Paddy Flynn passed away[14 - pass away – умирать, уходить из жизни]. A friend of mine gave him a big bottle of whiskey, and even though he was usually not a heavy drinker[15 - heavy drinker – часто пьющий, пьяница], he got really excited from this gift, and he didn’t stop drinking for a few days until he passed away. His body was tired from old age and difficult times, and it couldn’t handle the alcohol like it did when he was young.

BELIEF AND UNBELIEF

Some people in the western villages have doubts. Last Christmas, a woman told me that she didn’t believe in hell or ghosts. She thought that hell was made up by the priest[16 - priest – священник] to make people behave, and she didn’t think ghosts could freely walk the earth. But she believed in fairies, leprechauns[17 - leprechauns – лепреконы], kelpies[18 - kelpie – в шотландском фольклоре опасное водное существо, меняющее облик, которое может появляться на суше в виде лошади.], and fallen angels. I also met a man with a tattoo of a Mohawk Indian on his arm who had similar beliefs and doubts. He said that people never doubt that fairies are real.

A young girl who worked in the village of Grange, near the slopes of Ben Bulben[19 - Ben Bulben – столовая гора в Ирландии],disappeared one night around three years ago. People said that the fairies had stolen her.

A village resident tried to stop them from taking her. But he ended up with nothing in his hands except a broomstick[20 - broomstick – метла]. The villagers asked the constable[21 - constable – констебль, полицейский чин] for help, and he immediately started searching every house. He also advised the villagers to burn all the ragweed[22 - ragweed – амброзия] on the field where the girl disappeared because ragweed is sacred[23 - sacred – священный] to the fairies. They spent the whole night burning the ragweed while the constable said special words. In the morning, they found the little girl walking in the field. She said that the fairies had taken her very far away, riding on a magical horse. Eventually, she saw a big river, and the man who tried to save her was floating down the river in a small boat.

MORTAL[24 - Mortal – смертный] HELP

Long ago in stories, men were taken away to assist the gods in a battle. Cuchullan[25 - Cuchullan – Кухулин, герой ирландских мифов.] helped the goddess Fand’s[26 - Fand – Фанд, кельтская морская богиня, которая, как полагают некоторые ученые, произошла от морского божества Мэнкса (исконных обитателей острова Мэн).] to defeat another nation and gained her favor. I’ve also heard that the fairies folk can’t even play their game called hurley[27 - hurley – Хёрлинг, командный вид спорта кельтского происхождения, относящийся к гэльским играм. В хёрлинг играют деревянными клюшками и мячом.] unless they have a mortal on each team. Without the help of mortals, the fairies folk are weak and cannot even hit the balls. One day, me and my friend were walking on some marshy[28 - marshy – болотистый] land in Galway when we saw an old, tough-looking man digging a ditch. My friend had heard that this man had seen something amazing. And eventually we get this story from him. When he was a young boy, he was working with around thirty other men, women, and boys. They were near Tuam[29 - Tuam – Туам, малый город в Ирландии в графстве Голуэй], not too far from Knock-na-gur. Suddenly, they all saw about one hundred and fifty fairies folk from a distance of around half a mile. There were two of them, he said, in dark clothes like people of our own time, who stood about a hundred yards from one another. The others wore colorful clothes.

He could not see what they were doing, but it seemed like they have been playing hurley. Sometimes they would disappear, and then they came back out of the bodies of the two men in dark clothes. These two men were of the size of living men, but the others were small. He saw them for about half-an-hour, and then the old man he was working for said, “Get on, get on, or we will have no work done!” I asked if he saw the fairies too, “Oh, yes, but he did not want work he was paying wages for to be neglected[30 - to neglect – пренебрегать, забрасывать].” He made everybody work so hard that nobody saw what happened to the fairies.

    1902.

A VISIONARY[31 - visionary – провидец]

One evening a young man came to my house and started talking about the creation of the earth and heaven and many other things. He had written many poems and painted many mystical drawings. But lately he hadn’t written or painted anything. He feared that the emotional life of the artist was bad for him. However, he willingly recited[32 - to recite – декламировать, читать] his poems. Suddenly it seemed to me that he was looking around a little nervously.

“Do you see anything, X–?” I said. “A shining woman, covered by her long hair, is standing near the doorway,” he answered. “Is it some living person who thinks of us?” I said; “No,” he replied; “If it was alive I would feel that. It is a spirit. It is someone who is dead or who has never lived.”

I asked him what he was doing, and he said that he worked as a clerk in a big store. However, he enjoyed walking around the hills and talking to eccentric farmers. He would also make strange and guilt-ridden[33 - guilt-ridden – охваченный чувством вины] people to share their problems with him. Another night, when I was at his place, more than one person came to discuss their beliefs and doubts. Sometimes he had visions[34 - visions – видения] while talking to them. He has accurately[35 - accurately – точно, безошибочно] told several people about their past and distant friends, leaving them silent. Even though he was young, he’s much more clever than the oldest people around.

The poetry he recited to me was full of his nature and his visions. Sometimes it was about past lives that he had lived, and sometimes about people from those lives. I told him I wanted to write an article about him and his poetry, and he said that I could do so, but he asked me not to mention his name. He wished to stay “unknown.” The next day, he sent me a collection of his poems along with a note that said: “Here are copies of the verses you liked. I don’t think I’ll ever be able to write or paint anymore. I’m preparing myself for a new life.”

I remember one person in particular. A winter or two ago, he spent much of the night walking up and down the mountain, talking to an old peasant. Both of them were unhappy: X– because he had realized that art and poetry weren’t for him, and the old peasant because his life was ending without any achievements or hope left. Both of them were so Celtic! They were always striving[36 - to strive – стараться, устремляться, бороться] for something that couldn’t be fully expressed in words or actions. The peasant was lost in his mind with sadness. Once he exclaimed, “God owns the heavens, but He wants the world”; and once he complained that his old neighbors were gone and everyone had forgotten about him. They used to bring a chair for him by the fire in every cabin, but now they asked, “Who is that old man over there?” He said, “I feel doomed[37 - doomed – обреченный],” and then continued talking about God and heaven. He also said more than once, pointing his arm towards the mountain, “Only I know what happened under the thorn-tree[38 - thorn-tree – терновое дерево] forty years ago,” and as he said it, tears sparkled on his face in the moonlight.

VILLAGE GHOSTS

On old maps, unexplored areas were marked with “Here are lions.” In the villages of fishermen and farmers, we can only write: “Here are ghosts.”

My ghosts live in the village of H–, in Leinster[39 - Leinster – Ленстер, провинция на востоке Ирландии, целиком расположенная на территории Республики Ирландии]. A person needs to be very careful when passing the village at night. Someone once complained, «By the cross of Jesus! How can I go? If I pass by Dunboy Hill, old Captain Burney might see me. If I go around by the water and up the steps, there’s the headless one and another on the quays[40 - quay – причал], and a new one under the old churchyard wall. If I go all the way around the other way, Mrs. Stewart appears at Hillside Gate, and the devil himself is in Hospital Lane.”

I don’t know which spirit he met, but I’m certain it wasn’t the one in Hospital Lane. During the time of cholera, there was a building there to treat patients. After the need was gone, it was torn down, but ever since, the area has been haunted by ghosts, demons, and fairies. There’s a strong farmer in H– named Paddy B–. One night, while passing through Hospital Lane, he saw what he initially thought was a pet rabbit, but then realized it was a white cat. As he came closer, the creature started growing bigger and bigger. The farmer felt his strength draining away, as if it was being sucked out of him. He turned and ran away.