1940 wartime rationing of butter, bacon and sugar began in the UK.
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1959 Charles de Gaulle was proclaimed president of the French Republic.
9 JANUARY (#ulink_af239fd9-711c-558a-9e32-fafc87af2ca2)
1799 income tax was introduced by prime minister William Pitt the Younger to raise funds for the Napoleonic Wars.
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1806 Horatio Nelson was buried in St Paul’s Cathedral.
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1816 Sir Humphry Davy’s safety lamp was first used in a mine.
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1873 Napoleon III, French Emperor, died in exile in England.
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1913 Richard Nixon, president of the United States 1969–74, was born in Yorba Linda, California.
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1960 work began on the Aswan High Dam in Egypt and would take ten years to complete.
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1972 the liner Queen Elizabeth was destroyed by fire in Hong Kong harbour.
10 JANUARY (#ulink_edacf056-151e-5093-8825-b6548721a7ac)
1840 the Penny Post was introduced.
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1862 Samuel Colt, firearms manufacturer, died as one of America’s wealthiest men.
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1863 the Metropolitan Railway — ancestor of the London Underground — opened between Paddington and Farringdon Street.
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1870 the Standard Oil Company, which was to be vastly enriched by the advent of the motor car, founded by William and John D Rockefeller.
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1917 William Cody (Buffalo Bill), US army scout, and later showman who killed 4,280 buffalo in eight months to feed railroad workers, died.
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1946 the inaugural session of the UN general assembly opened in London.
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1985 Clive Sinclair launched the C5 electric car at £399.
11 JANUARY (#ulink_c49ebe70-9261-543a-b799-67e630da8f5a)
1753 Sir Hans Sloane, whose collection was the foundation of the British Museum, died at Chelsea.
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1891 Georges Haussmann, architect who planned much of modern Paris, died.
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1922 insulin first used successfully in the treatment of diabetes.
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1928 Thomas Hardy, author of Tess of the d’Urbervilles, died at Dorchester, Dorset.
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1946 King Zog of Albania was dethroned.
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1969 Richmal Crompton, author of Just William, died.
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1973 the Open University awarded its first degrees.
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1981 a three-man British team, led by Sir Ranulph Fiennes, completed the longest and fastest crossing of Antarctica after 75 days and 2,500 miles.
12 JANUARY (#ulink_8a6fc66a-7c58-5e40-811e-610f03461826)
1628 Charles Perrault, author of fairytales (Cinderella, The Sleeping Beauty), was born in Paris.
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