How to Form a Library, 2nd ed

Health.—Catalogue of the International Health Exhibition Library. Division I. Health. Division II. Education. London, 1884. 8vo.

Heraldry.—Thomas Moule's valuable Bibliotheca Heraldica Magnæ Britanniæ was published in 1822. There is a "List of the principal English and Foreign Text-Books on Heraldry" at the end of The Handbook of Heraldry, by J.E. Cussans, London, 1869.

History (General).—Brunet (J.C.). Table Méthodique en forme de Catalogue raisonné, Histoire. Paris, 1865. 8vo.

–– Oettinger (E.M.). Historisches Archiv. Archives historiques, contenant une classification de 17,000 ouvrages pour servir à l'étude de l'histoire de tous les siècles et de toutes les nations. Carlsruhe, 1841. 4to.

(Great Britain and Ireland.)—Bishop Nicholson's English, Scotch, and Irish Historical Libraries, 1776, will still be found useful. Mr. Mullinger's portion of the Introduction to the Study of English History (1881) gives the latest information on the subject. Sir Duffus Hardy's "Descriptive Catalogue of Materials relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the end of the reign of Henry VIII." is an invaluable book, but is unfortunately incomplete.

(France.)—Lelong (J.). Bibliothèque Historique (1768-78, 5 vols, folio). "Les Sources de l'Histoire de France," by A. Franklin, was published in 1877.

History (Germany.)—Bibliographical Essay on the Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, by A. Asher, was published in 1843.

(Holland.)—Nijhoff. Bibliotheca Historico-Neerlandica. La Haye, 1871.

(Italy.)—Lichtenthal (P.). Manuale Bibliografico del Viaggiatore in Italia. Milano, 1844. A Catalogue of Sir Richard Colt Hoare's Collection of Books relating to the History and Topography of Italy was printed in 1812. The Collection was presented to the British Museum by Hoare in 1825.

(Portugal.)—Figaniere. Bibliographia Historica Portugueza. Lisboa, 1850.

(Spain.)—Munoz y Romero. Diccionario bibliografico-historico … de Espana. Madrid, 1858.

Language.—See Dictionaries (#x5_x_5_i22), Philology (#phil).

Law.—Mr. Stephen R. Griswold contributed an article on Law Libraries to the U.S. Report on Libraries (pp. 161-170). He writes, "Law books may be classified generally as follows: Reports, Treatises, Statute Law. The practice of reporting the decisions of the Judges began in the reign of Edward I., and from that time we have a series of judicial reports of those decisions. In the time of Lord Bacon, these reports extended to fifty or sixty volumes. During the two hundred and fifty years that have passed since then, nothing has been done by way of revision or expurgation; but these publications have been constantly increasing, so that at the close of the year 1874 the published volumes of reports were as follows: English, 1350 volumes; Irish, 175 volumes; Scotch, 225 volumes; Canadian, 135 volumes; American, 2400 volumes. With respect to treatises (including law periodicals and digests), and without including more than one edition of the same work, it is safe to say that a fair collection would embrace at least 2000 volumes. The statute law of the United States, if confined to the general or revised statutes and codes, may be brought within 100 volumes. If, however, the sessional acts be included, the collection would amount to over 1500 volumes. It is thus seen that a fairly complete law library would embrace more than 7000 volumes, which could not be placed upon its shelves for less than $50,000."

Law.—There is a useful list of legal bibliographies in the "Hand-list of Bibliographies in the Reading-room of the British Museum" (pp. 40-44). Clarke's Bibliotheca Legum, which was compiled by Hartwell Horne (1819), is a valuable work. Marvin's Legal Bibliography, which was published at Philadelphia in 1847, contains 800 pages. The Catalogue of the Law Library in the New York State Library (1856), forms a useful guide to the subject, and Herbert G. Sweet's "Complete Catalogue of Modern Law Books" is one of the latest catalogues of authority.

Mathematics.—A really good bibliography of Mathematics is still wanting. The following books, however, all from Germany, are useful.

Mathematics.—Murhard (F.W.A.). Bibliotheca Mathematica. Lipsiæ, 1797-1804. 4 vols.

–– Rogg (J.). Handbuch der Mathematischen Literatur. Tübingen, 1830.

–– Sohncke (L.A.). Bibliotheca Mathematica. 1830-54. Leipsic, 1854.

–– Erlecke (A.). Bibliotheca Mathematica. Halle-a.-S., 1873.

–– Professor De Morgan's Arithmetical Books (1847) is a model of what a good bibliography ought to be.

Medical.—Dr. Billings contributed a chapter on "Medical Libraries in the United States" to the U.S. Report on Public Libraries (pp. 171-182), in which he wrote—"The record of the researches, experiences, and speculations relating to Medical Science during the last four hundred years is contained in between two and three hundred thousand volumes and pamphlets; and while the immense majority of these have little or nothing of what we call 'practical value,' yet there is no one of them which would not be called for by some inquirer if he knew of its existence." The writer added a list of works of reference which should be in every Medical Library.

There have been a specially large number of Medical Bibliographies, from Haller's works downwards. James Atkinson's Medical Bibliography (1834, A and B only), is an amusing book, but of little or no utility. The most useful books are Dr. Billings's Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office (Washington, 1880) and the Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society (3 vols. 1879), by B.R. Wheatley. Neale's Medical Digest (1877) forms a convenient guide to the medical periodicals. The two great French dictionaries—Raige-Delorme and A. Dechambre, Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales (4 series, commenced in 1854, and still in progress); Jaccoud, Nouveau Dictionnaire de Médecine et de Chirurgie Pratiques (1864, and still in progress)—contain very valuable references to the literature of the various subjects. Of special subjects may be mentioned H. Haeser's Bibliotheca Epidemiographica (1843), John S. Billings's Bibliography of Cholera in the Report of the Cholera Epidemic of 1873 in the United States (1875, pp. 707-1025), Beer's Bibliotheca Ophthalmica (1799), Dr. E.J. Waring's Bibliotheca Therapeutica (1878-79, 2 vols. 8vo.), and Bibliography of Embryology, in Balfour's Embryology, vol. ii.

Meteorology.—A full bibliography of books and papers upon Meteorology is being prepared at the United States Signal Office, and it is reported that 48,000 titles are now in the office. There have been several articles on this subject in Symons's Meteorological Magazine, the last being in the number for December, 1885.

Mineralogy.—Dana (J.D.). Bibliography of Mineralogy. 1881. 8vo.

Mining.—Wigan Free Public Library Index Catalogue of Books and Papers relating to Mining, Metallurgy, and Manufactures. By Henry Tennyson Folkard, Librarian. Southport, 1880. Roy. 8vo.

Motion (Perpetual).—Perpetuum Mobile; or, search for Self-Motive Power during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, illustrated from various authentic sources in papers, essays, letters, paragraphs, and numerous Patent Specifications, with an Introductory Essay. By Henry Dircks, C.E. London, 1861. Sm. 8vo. Second Series. London, 1870. Sm. 8vo.

Music.—Engel (C.). The Literature of National Music. London, 1879. 8vo.

–– Catalogue of the Library of the Sacred Harmonic Society. A new edition [by W.H. Husk]. London, 1872. 8vo.

–– Rimbault (F.). Bibliotheca Madrigaliana, a Bibliographical Account of the Musical and Poetical Works published in England during the 16th and 17th centuries, under the titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, etc. London, 1847. 8vo.

There are bibliographies of the subject in F.L. Kilter's History of Music, London, 1876, and F. Clement, Histoire générale de la Musique Religieuse. Paris, 1861.

Natural History.—Dryander's Catalogue of Sir Joseph Banks's Library, now in the British Museum, is the most famous bibliography of this subject, although made so many years ago. It consists of 5 vols. 8vo. (1798-1800). Vol. 1, General Writers; Vol. 2, Zoology; Vol. 3, Botany; Vol. 4, Mineralogy; Vol. 5, Supplement.

Natural History.—Engelmann (W.). Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis. Leipzig, 1846.

–– Zuckold (E.A.). Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis, Physico-Chemica et Mathematica. Göttingen, 1852.

–– See Zoology (#zoo).

Philology.—Marsden (W.) Bibliotheca Marsdenia, Philologica et Orientalis. London, 1827. 4to.

–– Engelmann (W.). Bibliotheca Philologica. Leipzig, 1853.

–– See Dictionaries (#x5_x_5_i22).

Political Economy.—McCulloch (J.R.) The Literature of Political Economy, London, 1845.—This is a very valuable work up to the date of publication, but a good bibliography of the subject is still a desideratum. The late Professor Stanley Jevons proposed to draw up a Handy Book of the Literature for the Index Society, but, to the great loss of bibliography, was prevented by other work from undertaking it. He contributed a list of Selected Books in Political Economy to the Monthly Notes of the Library Association (Vol. 3, No. 7).

Poor.—A Catalogue of Publications in the English Language on subjects relative to the Poor will be found in Eden's State of the Poor, vol. iii. pp. ccclxvii—ccclxxxvi.

Printing.—Bigmore (E.C.), and Wyman (C.W.H.). A Bibliography of Printing, with Notes and Illustrations. London, 1880. 4to.

–– The Literature of Printing. A Catalogue of the Library illustrative of the History and Art of Typography, Chalcography, and Lithography, by R.M. Hoe. London, 1877. 8vo.

The following is a list of some of the bibliographies of the productions of the chief printers:

Aldus.—Annales de l'Imprimerie des Alde ou Histoire des trois Manuce et de leurs éditions. Par Ant. Aug. Renouard. Paris, an XII. Seconde édition. Paris, 1825. 8vo. 3 vols.

Caxton.—The Life and Typography of William Caxton, England's first Printer, with evidence of his typographical connection with Colard Mansion, the Printer at Bruges. Compiled from original sources by William Blades. London, 1861-63. 2 vols. 4to. A condensed edition was published under the following title: The Biography and Typography of William Caxton, England's first Printer. By William Blades. Second edition. London, 1882. 8vo.

Elzevirs.—Willems (A.). Les Elzevier. Histoire et Annales Typographiques. Bruxelles, 1880. 8vo.

–– C. Pieters. Annales de l'Imprimerie des Elsevier. Gand, 1858. 8vo.

Plantin.—La Maison Plantin à Anvers. Par L. Degeorge. Deuxième édition, augmentée d'une liste chronologique des ouvrages imprimés par Plantin à Anvers de 1555 à 1589. Bruxelles, 1878. 8vo.

Stephens.—Annales de l'Imprimerie des Estienne, ou Histoire de la Famille, des Estienne et de ses éditions. Par A.A. Renouard. Paris, 1837-38. 8vo. 2 parts.

Privately Printed Books.—The second edition of John Martin's Bibliographical Catalogue of Privately Printed Books was published in 1854, and a newer work on this important subject is much required. Mr. W.P. Courtney has been engaged in the production of such a work for some years, and the labour could not be in better hands.

Proverbs.—The Bibliographie Parémiologique of Pierre Alexandre Gratet-Duplessis (1847), is one of the most elaborate and carefully compiled bibliographies ever published. Sir William Stirling Maxwell printed privately a catalogue of his collection of books of proverbs, in which were specially marked those unknown to Duplessis, or those published since the issue of his catalogue.